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VOA双语新闻:美国纪念内战150周年

时间:2011-11-01 06:47来源:互联网 提供网友:木子平儿   字体: [ ]
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  This month marks the 150th anniversary of the beginning of the U.S. Civil War - a conflict that nearly tore the United States apart. Eleven southern states seceded1 from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America, vowing2 to maintain their economic system based on agriculture and slavery.
4月12日是美国内战打响150周年的日子。这场冲突几乎使美国分裂。11个南方州最终脱离合众国,建立了邦联国,并且誓言要维持以农业和奴隶制为基础的经济制度。
On April 12, 1861, Confederate soldiers fired on Union troops at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. It was the first act of open aggression3 by the South against the North. After four years of bloody4 battles, the Confederates surrendered.
Today, the war between the states still resonates with Americans, and in some ways, the nation is still healing from that division.
今天,美国人心中仍在对这场战争进行反思,战争带给整个国家的创伤仍在弥合之中。
Record casualties
Well over a half million Americans died during the Civil War, the equivalent of losing 2 percent of the population. "You can imagine the impact that this would have on whole communities throughout the country," says Ray Brown, chief of interpretation5 for Manassas National Battlefield Park, site of one of the war’s first battles.
马纳萨斯国家战场公园的讲解员雷.布朗介绍说,共有62万美国人在内战中丧生,相当于美国总人口的百分之2。他说:“你能想象这场战争给整个国家人民带来的巨大影响。”
Brown believes that loss is responsible for "passions that have been passed on from generation to generation even at the remove of 150 years."
“而且为什么人们会把他们对这场战争的激情一代一代传承下去,即便是战争已经结束150年了。”
On a recent visit to Manassas, there is little evidence of that passion, but there is a desire to connect to the past. Park superintendent6 Ed Clark says the battlefield is a good place to do that.
马纳萨斯是内战初期的几个战场之一。今天在这个战场上,人们感受不到那种激情了,但希望能够通过来到这里拾起过去的记忆。
"You can actually stand out here on the fields, see what they saw. But I think there is also an emotional connection that can be made on battlefields. This is a place where Americans fought. This is a place where Americans died."
The park gets about 600,000 visitors a year. People like Marianne Lee, who came with her children and their friends.
"I think it is important to look back at this particular war, because it is what made our union. We separated and yet managed to come back together."
她说:“我觉得回顾这场战争是很重要的,因为它成就了我们的联邦。我们曾经分裂,但最终又回到了一起。”
Mutual7 sacrifice
Yale historian David Blight8, one of the leading experts on the Civil War, says the United States reunited after the war "by finding the mutuality9 of sacrifice between the two sides."
耶鲁大学的大卫.布莱特是研究美国内战的主要历史学家之一。他说:“在一场可怕的内战后重建一个国家,一种做法就是找到双方做出的共同牺牲。”
By the 50th anniversary soldiers who fought on both sides were getting together for reunions. In 1913, some 50,000 veterans assembled in Gettysburg, the site of the war’s bloodiest10 battle.
布赖特说,这就是在美国内战发生50周年时人们所做的。当时,来自南北双方的大约5万名参战老兵聚集到内战中最血腥的战场─葛底斯堡。
"What we did in this country is we suppressed having to talk about what caused that war or what its results or legacies11 were, focusing largely on honoring the soldier," says Blight.
他说:“在美国,我们避免谈论这场战争爆发的原因,或者战争导致了什么结局、遗留了什么问题。我们最关心的是纪念参战的士兵。”
Americans continued to ignore the issues 50 years later, during the centennial of the Civil War, according to Kevin Levin. A history teacher in Charlottesville, Virginia, Levin also maintains the popular blog, Civil War Memory.
按照维吉尼亚州夏洛茨维尔历史教师凯文.莱文的说法,50年之后,也就是内战爆发100周年之际,人们继续忽略这些问题。莱文还是知名博客“内战记忆”的博主。
"The dominant12 interpretation of the early 1960s would have been focused on the bravery of Union and Confederate soldiers, the theme of reconciliation13. Americans were more interested in remembering a war that united Americans rather than divided Americans."
他说:“1960年代初,对战争的解释主要集中在合众国和邦联国士兵的勇猛上,主题是和解。美国人更愿意记住团结了美国人、而不是分裂了美国人的一场战争。”
In the last few years, there has been renewed scholarship on the Civil War by Blight and other historians.
在过去几年,布赖特和其他历史学家继续对美国内战进行研究。
He says that we shouldn’t forget the military history. "But this time, we need to put the story of emancipation14 at the center of this narrative15, because what really transformed the United States, were not those battles. What really transformed the United States was the process by which 4 million slaves were freed that necessitated16 a recrafting of our Constituion."
布赖特说:“需要清楚一点的是,我们并不是要牺牲军事历史。但是现在,我们需要把有关于解放奴隶的故事放在整个事件的中心,因为真正改变美国的是400万奴隶被解放的过程,从而使我们修改了宪法。”
Three new amendments18
Following the War, three amendments were added to the Constitution. The 13th amendment17 abolished slavery forever. The 14th granted citizenship19 to anyone born in the United States and guaranteed equal protection to all citizens. And the 15th amendment guaranteed all citizens the right to vote.
美国宪法第十三修正案永久性地废除了奴隶制度。第十四修正案赋予任何在美国出生的人美国公民身份,并且确保所有公民得到同等保护。第十五修正案确保所有公民享有选举权。
Blight says the Civil War launched "a revolution in civil and political rights." But it did not last. It would take the Civil Rights movement, a full century later, to force the government to deliver fully20 on those promises.
但直到100年后的民权运动才迫使美国政府兑现了这些承诺。
Today, with an African-American in the White House, we have come a long way, but the legacies of the war are still being debated, says Blight.
时至今日,随着一位非洲裔美国人入住白宫,美国已经取得了长足的进步,然而美国内战遗留下来的问题仍在被人们争论着。
"Every time Americans debate the problem of States’ rights, the relationship of federal power to state power - which we are indeed having a roiling21 debate again, and every time we debate, not only race relations, but the very idea of what it means to be an American, multi-racial, greatly diverse society, we are debating the direct legacies of the Civil War."
布赖特说:“每次美国人讨论美国各州权力的问题、联邦权力与州权力之间关系的时候,我们实际上确实又在进行一轮新的讨论,还有每次我们辩论不仅仅是种族关系,而是一个美国人的真正意义是什么,一个多种族、非常多元化的社会的时候,我们就是在讨论美国内战留下的遗产。”
That, says blogger Levin, is one of the reasons Americans are still fascinated by the Civil War.
博客“内战记忆”的博主莱文说,这就是美国人仍然对内战情有独钟的原因之一:
"Even if we don’t know much about this period, there is a hold on us, an emotional hold. I think that explains why we still have a need to talk about it, because we are still struggling with many of those issues that came out of it."
“即便我们对这个时期了解的不多,我们还是对美国内战有一种情结。我认为这解释了为什么我们仍然在谈论它,因为我们仍然对由内战而引发的很多问题十分纠结。”
And as Americans mark the anniversary over the next four years, there will be plenty of opportunities to discuss the legacies - and lessons - of the Civil War.
随着美国人在今后4年里纪念内战150周年,他们会有很多机会讨论美国内战的遗产和教训。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 seceded 1624ae4cad0ece80c313df9c7f11bfc6     
v.脱离,退出( secede的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The Republic of Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903. 巴拿马共和国于1903年脱离哥伦比亚。
  • One of the states has seceded from the federation. 有一个州已从联邦中退出。 来自辞典例句
2 vowing caf27b27bed50d27c008858260bc9998     
起誓,发誓(vow的现在分词形式)
参考例句:
  • President Bush is vowing to help Minneapolis rebuild its collapsed bridge. 布什总统承诺将帮助明尼阿波利斯重建坍塌的大桥。
  • President Bush is vowing to help Minneapolis rebuild this collapse bridge. 布什总统发誓要帮助明尼阿波利斯重建起这座坍塌的桥梁。
3 aggression WKjyF     
n.进攻,侵略,侵犯,侵害
参考例句:
  • So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结,就不必惧怕外来侵略。
  • Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。
4 bloody kWHza     
adj.非常的的;流血的;残忍的;adv.很;vt.血染
参考例句:
  • He got a bloody nose in the fight.他在打斗中被打得鼻子流血。
  • He is a bloody fool.他是一个十足的笨蛋。
5 interpretation P5jxQ     
n.解释,说明,描述;艺术处理
参考例句:
  • His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
  • Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。
6 superintendent vsTwV     
n.监督人,主管,总监;(英国)警务长
参考例句:
  • He was soon promoted to the post of superintendent of Foreign Trade.他很快就被擢升为对外贸易总监。
  • He decided to call the superintendent of the building.他决定给楼房管理员打电话。
7 mutual eFOxC     
adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的
参考例句:
  • We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
8 blight 0REye     
n.枯萎病;造成破坏的因素;vt.破坏,摧残
参考例句:
  • The apple crop was wiped out by blight.枯萎病使苹果全无收成。
  • There is a blight on all his efforts.他的一切努力都遭到挫折。
9 mutuality LFmxC     
n.相互关系,相互依存
参考例句:
  • The idea of family, mutuality, the sharing of benefits and burdens for the good of all. 这就是家庭、共同性、为所有人的利益分享收益,分担负担。 来自演讲部分
  • He practiced Guanxi, a Chinese term that conveys trust and mutuality. 他运用[关系]-一个传达信任和互利的中文名词。
10 bloodiest 2f5859cebc7d423fa78269725dca802d     
adj.血污的( bloody的最高级 );流血的;屠杀的;残忍的
参考例句:
  • The Russians were going to suffer their bloodiest defeat of all before Berlin. 俄国人在柏林城下要遭到他们的最惨重的失败。 来自辞典例句
  • It was perhaps the bloodiest hour in the history of warfare. 这也许是战争史上血腥味最浓的1个小时。 来自互联网
11 legacies 68e66995cc32392cf8c573d17a3233aa     
n.遗产( legacy的名词复数 );遗留之物;遗留问题;后遗症
参考例句:
  • Books are the legacies that a great genius leaves to mankind. 书是伟大的天才留给人类的精神财富。 来自辞典例句
  • General legacies are subject to the same principles as demonstrative legacies. 一般的遗赠要与指定数目的遗赠遵循同样的原则。 来自辞典例句
12 dominant usAxG     
adj.支配的,统治的;占优势的;显性的;n.主因,要素,主要的人(或物);显性基因
参考例句:
  • The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
  • She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。
13 reconciliation DUhxh     
n.和解,和谐,一致
参考例句:
  • He was taken up with the reconciliation of husband and wife.他忙于做夫妻间的调解工作。
  • Their handshake appeared to be a gesture of reconciliation.他们的握手似乎是和解的表示。
14 emancipation Sjlzb     
n.(从束缚、支配下)解放
参考例句:
  • We must arouse them to fight for their own emancipation. 我们必须唤起他们为其自身的解放而斗争。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They rejoiced over their own emancipation. 他们为自己的解放感到欢欣鼓舞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 narrative CFmxS     
n.叙述,故事;adj.叙事的,故事体的
参考例句:
  • He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
  • Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。
16 necessitated 584daebbe9eef7edd8f9bba973dc3386     
使…成为必要,需要( necessitate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Recent financial scandals have necessitated changes in parliamentary procedures. 最近的金融丑闻使得议会程序必须改革。
  • No man is necessitated to do wrong. 没有人是被迫去作错事的。
17 amendment Mx8zY     
n.改正,修正,改善,修正案
参考例句:
  • The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
  • The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。
18 amendments 39576081718792f25ceae20f3bb99b43     
(法律、文件的)改动( amendment的名词复数 ); 修正案; 修改; (美国宪法的)修正案
参考例句:
  • The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. 委员会在起草修正案时没有充分征求他人的意见。
  • Please propose amendments and addenda to the first draft of the document. 请对这个文件的初稿提出修改和补充意见。
19 citizenship AV3yA     
n.市民权,公民权,国民的义务(身份)
参考例句:
  • He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生,但没有瑞典公民身分。
  • Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后,她选择了澳大利亚国籍。
20 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
21 roiling 6b07a1484dc6ebaf5dc074a379103c75     
v.搅混(液体)( roil的现在分词 );使烦恼;使不安;使生气
参考例句:
  • Now, all that could be seen was the roiling, lead--coloured sea, with its thunderously heaving waves. 狂风挟着暴雨如同弥漫大雾,排挞呼号,在海上恣意奔驶。 来自汉英文学 - 现代散文
  • Rather, it is a roiling, seething cauldron of evanescent particles. 相反,它是一个不断翻滚、剧烈沸腾的大锅,内有逐渐消失的粒子。 来自互联网
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