新奇事件簿 WHO:职业倦怠属于医学问题

Workers around the world have experienced burnout for decades. Burnout is mental exhaustion¹ due to too much stress at work. This problem has now been defined by the WHO as a medical problem. It says people have burnout if they often lack energy or feel exhausted²; if they feel very negative about their job; and if they have problems finishing tasks in their job. The WHO says doctors should treat patients for burnout. However, doctors are among the highest-stress professions. They get burnout twice as often as average workers. The number of people with burnout has been increasing at a worrying rate. More and more workers are getting ill because of high levels of stress at work.

几十年来，世界各地的员工都经历过职业倦怠。职业倦怠是由于工作压力过大而导致的精神疲惫。世界卫生组织（WHO）将这个问题定义为一种医学问题。其表示如果经常缺乏精力或感到疲惫；如果对自己的工作感到非常消极以及如果无法完成工作中的任务，就会出现职业倦怠。WHO表示医生应该治疗患有职业倦怠的病人。但医生属于最高压职业。他们患职业倦怠的几率是普通职业的两倍。患职业倦怠的人数增长之快令人担忧。越来越多的人因工作中的高压而生病。

Burnout was identified as a problem in 1974 by American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger. Since then, hundreds of studies have tried to explain what it is. Researchers have said it is similar to anxiety or mood disorders³, and can come from depression. According to the Mayo Clinic website, burnout can cause serious health problems. These can include insomnia⁴, heart disease, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes⁵. The clinic's website gives advice on how to manage burnout. It suggests talking to your boss to change your workload⁶; reaching out to co-workers, family and friends; and trying relaxing activities like tai chi, meditation⁷, going for a walk in the countryside, and yoga.

1974年美国心理学家赫伯特·弗洛登伯格将职业倦怠定义为一个问题。自那时起，数百项研究试图解释这一问题。研究人员表示它和焦虑症或情绪障碍相似，且源自抑郁症。根据梅约诊所网站，职业倦怠可以导致严重的健康问题，包括失眠、心脏病、高血压和2型糖尿病。诊所网站给出了应对倦怠的建议。其建议你可以和老板谈谈，减少你的工作量；求助同事、家人和朋友；以及尝试一些放松的活动，如太极、冥想、去乡下散步以及瑜伽。

1 exhaustion   

n.耗尽枯竭，疲惫，筋疲力尽，竭尽，详尽无遗的论述

参考例句：

• She slept the sleep of exhaustion.她因疲劳而酣睡。
• His exhaustion was obvious when he fell asleep standing.他站着睡着了，显然是太累了。

2 exhausted   

adj.极其疲惫的，精疲力尽的

参考例句：

• It was a long haul home and we arrived exhausted.搬运回家的这段路程特别长，到家时我们已筋疲力尽。
• Jenny was exhausted by the hustle of city life.珍妮被城市生活的忙乱弄得筋疲力尽。

3 disorders   

n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调

参考例句：

• Reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 insomnia   

n.失眠，失眠症

参考例句：

• Worries and tenseness can lead to insomnia.忧虑和紧张会导致失眠。
• He is suffering from insomnia.他患失眠症。

5 diabetes   

n.糖尿病

参考例句：

• In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者，医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
• Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。

6 workload   

n.作业量，工作量

参考例句：

• An assistant one day a week would ease my workload.每周有一天配一个助手就会减轻我的工作负担。
• He's always grousing about the workload.他总是抱怨工作量大。

7 meditation   

n.熟虑，（尤指宗教的）默想，沉思，（pl.）冥想录

参考例句：

• This peaceful garden lends itself to meditation.这个恬静的花园适于冥想。
• I'm sorry to interrupt your meditation.很抱歉，我打断了你的沉思。