向前一步:第58期 要成功 也要受欢迎(9)

 　　Owning one's success is key to achieving more success. 真正认同自己的成功，对于实现更大的成功至关重要。

　　Professional advancement¹ depends upon people believing that an employee is contributing to good results. 职场成就取决于一个雇员是否有助于工作的积极进展。

　　Men can comfortably claim credit for what they do as long as they don't veer² into arrogance³. 只要不滑向狂妄自大，男性在工作上的成就很容易得到承认；

　　For women, taking credit comes at a real social and professional cost. 但对女性来说，“邀功”往往意味着将在社会与职场的形象上有所牺牲。

　　In fact, a woman who explains why she is qualified⁴ or mentions previous successes in a job interview can lower her chances of getting hired. 事实上，女性如果在面试中阐述自己为什么能胜任这份工作，或是提到以前工作中的成功，实际上反倒会降低她被雇用的可能性。

　　As if this double bind⁵ were not enough to navigate⁶, 女性除了要应付这种两难境地，

　　gendered stereotypes⁸ can also lead to women having to do additional work without additional reward. 另外由于性别成见，有时还必须在没有额外报酬的情况下做额外的工作。

　　When a man helps a colleague, the recipient⁹ feels indebted to him and is highly likely to return the favor. 当一个男性帮助同事时，被帮助者会觉得亏欠于他，并且非常有可能给予回报。

　　But when a woman helps out, the feeling of indebtedness is weaker. 但如果是一个女性对他施以援手，这种受人恩惠的感觉则相对弱些。

　　She's communal¹⁰, right? She wants to help others. 女性就应该乐于助人，不是吗？是她自己想要帮助别人。

　　Professor Flynn calls this the "gender⁷ discount" problem, 弗林教授称此为“性别轻视”，

　　and it means that women are paying a professional penalty for their presumed desire to be communal. 意思是人们预设女性有为公共利益服务的意愿，一旦违背这样的预设，女性就会在职场上尝到苦果。

　　On the other hand, when a man helps a coworker, it's considered an imposition 另一方面，一个男性对工作伙伴施以援手则被看作是在做额外的工作，

　　and he is compensated¹¹ with more favorable performance evaluations¹² and rewards like salary increases and bonuses. 他会因此得到更好的评价、加薪和奖金等回报。

　　Even more frustrating¹³, when a woman declines to help a colleague, she often receives less favorable reviews and fewer rewards. 令人更沮丧的是，当一个女性拒绝帮助同事时，她通常会得到不太有利的评价，回报也更少。

　　But a man who declines to help? He pays no penalty. 但如果拒绝帮助同事的是个男性呢？他通常不会受到什么惩罚。

1 advancement   

n.前进，促进，提升

参考例句：

• His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
• The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。

2 veer   

vt.转向，顺时针转，改变；n.转向

参考例句：

• He is unlikely to veer from his boss's strongly held views.他不可能背离他老板的强硬立场。
• If you fall asleep while driving,you'll probably veer off the road.假如你开车时打瞌睡，可能会驶离道路。

3 arrogance   

n.傲慢，自大

参考例句：

• His arrogance comes out in every speech he makes.他每次讲话都表现得骄傲自大。
• Arrogance arrested his progress.骄傲阻碍了他的进步。

4 qualified   

adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的

参考例句：

• He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
• We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

5 bind   

vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬

参考例句：

• I will let the waiter bind up the parcel for you.我让服务生帮你把包裹包起来。
• He wants a shirt that does not bind him.他要一件不使他觉得过紧的衬衫。

6 navigate   

v.航行，飞行；导航，领航

参考例句：

• He was the first man to navigate the Atlantic by air.他是第一个飞越大西洋的人。
• Such boats can navigate on the Nile.这种船可以在尼罗河上航行。

7 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

8 stereotypes   

n.老套，模式化的见解，有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
• It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调，我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

9 recipient   

a.接受的,感受性强的 n.接受者,感受者,容器

参考例句：

• Please check that you have a valid email certificate for each recipient. 请检查是否对每个接收者都有有效的电子邮件证书。
• Colombia is the biggest U . S aid recipient in Latin America. 哥伦比亚是美国在拉丁美洲最大的援助对象。

10 communal   

adj.公有的，公共的，公社的，公社制的

参考例句：

• There was a communal toilet on the landing for the four flats.在楼梯平台上有一处公共卫生间供4套公寓使用。
• The toilets and other communal facilities were in a shocking state.厕所及其他公共设施的状况极其糟糕。

11 compensated   

补偿，报酬( compensate的过去式和过去分词 )； 给（某人）赔偿（或赔款）

参考例句：

• The marvelous acting compensated for the play's weak script. 本剧的精彩表演弥补了剧本的不足。
• I compensated his loss with money. 我赔偿他经济损失。

12 evaluations   

估价( evaluation的名词复数 )； 赋值； 估计价值； [医学]诊断

参考例句：

• In fact, our moral evaluations are merely expressions of our desires. 事实上，我们的道德评价只是我们欲望的表达形式。 来自哲学部分
• Properly speaking, however, these evaluations and insights are not within the concept of official notice. 但准确地讲，这些评估和深远见识并未包括在官方通知概念里。

13 frustrating   

adj.产生挫折的，使人沮丧的，令人泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的现在分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's frustrating to have to wait so long. 要等这么长时间，真令人懊恼。
• It was a demeaning and ultimately frustrating experience. 那是一次有失颜面并且令人沮丧至极的经历。 来自《简明英汉词典》