英语听力精选进阶版 10277

The United Nations Humanitarian¹ Co-coordinator in South Sudan Toby Lanzer has told the BBC that hundreds of thousands of people are fearing for their lives amid escalating² ethnic³ violence. Fighting broke out a weeks ago between soldiers loyal to President Salva Kiir and those supporting his former deputy Riek Machar. Here's our Africa editor Richard Hamilton.

联合国驻南苏丹人道主义协调员托比·兰泽尔告诉BBC，随着种族冲突的升级，成千上万人担心自己的性命不保。一周前，忠于总统萨尔瓦·基尔的士兵和支持其前副手Riek Machar的士兵开始了战斗。BBC驻非洲编辑理查德·汉密尔顿报道。

Mr. Lanzer said there was an atmosphere of fear and desperation as well as a cycle of revenge that has gone to extremes. He said the speed with which the situation had unraveled was astonishing. Just over two weeks ago, he said, an investment conference has been held in the capital Juba. But now people were being lined up and executed on the streets. He wasn't sure where the country would be in one week's time, but he feared dark clouds were gathering⁴ over South Sudan, bringing with it a humanitarian storm.

兰泽尔说，充满恐惧、绝望和报复的气氛已经到了极点。他说事情进展的速度很惊人，就在两周前，首都还举行了投资会议，但现在人们在大街上排队等着被处决。他不确定未来一周这个国家走势如何，但他担心乌云再次笼罩南苏丹，带来一场人道主义风暴。

The newly released former Russian oil tycoon⁵ Mikhail Khodorkovsky says he will do all he can to help political prisoners but will not seek political power. He spent ten years in a Russian prison for fraud and tax evasion⁶, charges he said were political motivated. Mr. Khodorkovsky spoke⁷ to reporters in Berlin, Daniel Stanford was there.

刚刚获释的俄罗斯石油巨头霍多尔科夫斯基称他将尽一切努力帮助政治犯，但不会寻求政治权力。他因欺诈和逃税在俄罗斯服刑10年，他称对他的指控出自政治企图。霍多尔科夫斯基在柏林向记者们讲话，丹尼尔·斯坦福报道。

The Berlin news conference was the first time Mikhail Khorkovsky has been seen in public as a free man in more than ten years. It was widely assumed that it was Vladimir Putin who ensured that he stayed in jail. But on Thursday, President Putin pardoned him. Mikhail Khorkovsky said he would not be returning to Russia because he had no guarantees that he'd be able to leave again. His imprisonment⁸ continues a long tradition in Russia politics of dissidents being silenced, going back to the Decembrists in 1825 and Dostoevsky.

柏林新闻发布会是10多年来霍多尔科夫斯基首次作为自由人参加的发布会，公众一般认为是普京将他投入监狱的。但在周四，总统普京赦免了他，霍多尔科夫斯基称他不会回俄罗斯，因为他不敢保证自己能再次离开。俄罗斯政治异见人士被钳口是长久以来的传统，从1825年的十二月党人到杜斯妥也夫斯基和霍多尔科夫斯基都是如此。

A court in the Egyptian capital Cairo has sentenced three prominent pro-democracy activists⁹ to three years each in prison with hard labor¹⁰ for their roles in recent protests. The men are the first secular¹¹ figures to be convicted under a new protest law which human rights group says to stifle¹² public protests. The three are leading figures in the protest movements that triggered the 2011 uprising that put an end to President Hosni Mubarak's 29-year rule.

埃及首都开罗法院判定三位著名的亲民主活动人士三年监禁，同时要履行艰苦的劳工，罪责是参与最近的抗议活动。他们是一则新的抗议法颁布后首批获罪的世俗人物，人权组织称该法意在压制公众抗议。在2011年推翻总统侯赛因穆巴拉克29年统治的起义中，这些人是主要的领导者。

The British Prime Minister David Cameron says the Syrian government should answer for the death of a British doctor Abbas Khan while in detention¹³ in Syria. The surgeon went there last year but he was arrested shortly after his arrival and found dead just days before he was due to be released. His body has now been brought back to London. His sister Sara Khan said the family were determined¹⁴ to find out how he died.

英国首相戴维·卡梅伦称叙利亚政府必须为在叙利亚拘禁期间死亡的英国医生阿巴斯·罕负责，这位外科医生去年去了叙利亚，但在抵达后很快被捕，就在获释的几天前被人发现已经死亡。他的遗体目前已被送回伦敦，他的妹妹萨拉·罕说家人决心查清楚他的死因。

The body's been taken today to the hospital for a CT scan. And we have a pathologist which the Home Office instructed and we've also got our own independent pathologist to undergo a postmortem. And we want it to be a non-invasive postmortem; we want as many answers as possible.

他的遗体今天被送到医院进行CT扫描，现在内政部派来一位病理学家，我们也有自己独立的病理学家来进行尸检，我们希望进行独立的尸检，想尽快知道答案。

Reports from the Central African Republic say that thousands of Muslims have staged a demonstration¹⁵ in the capital Bangui against French troops who are conducting a disarmament operation. France sent 1,600 troops to the CAR earlier this month to support an African Union force which has struggled to cope with an upsurge of Christian¹⁶ Muslim violence.

来自中非共和国的报道称数千名穆斯林在首都班基举行反对法国军队的游行，法军目前正在进行裁军行动。本月早些时候法国派出1600名士兵到中非共和国，来支持镇压基督教与穆斯林暴力冲突的非盟军队。

Ten people in the Kenyan capital Nairobi have been injured after a freight train derailed in a slum area of the city. Four cargo¹⁷ wagons¹⁸ toppled onto a number of flimsy trackside homes in the Kibera's slum. Rescuers tried to clear space in the crowded settlements to bring in cranes to reach anyone who may have been trapped. However the Red Cross said they had no reports of any missing people so far.

在肯尼亚首都内罗毕，一列货运列车在该市贫困区脱轨，导致10人受伤。四辆货运车撞到基贝拉贫民窟不堪一击的路边棚屋，援救人员努力清理这片拥挤的住宅区，弄来起重机营救可能被困其中的人。然而红十字会称目前尚无任何失踪报告。

An American teenager who was shot in the head by a fellow pupil last week has died. The 17-year-old victim Claire Davis has been in coma¹⁹ since she was promptly²⁰ randomly²¹ targeted at her school in Denver. The 18-year-old gunman Karl Pierson had entered the school carrying a shot gun, machete and three incendiary devices. He later killed himself.

上周一名美国少女被一名少年开枪击中，目前这名少年已经死亡。17岁的受害者克莱尔·戴维斯在丹佛学校不经意间被击中，后来一直昏迷不醒。18岁的枪手卡尔·皮尔森带着猎枪、大刀和燃烧装置进入该校，他后来自杀身亡。

Researchers say they have discovered a vast reservoir of melt water beneath the Greenland ice sheet that remains²² liquid even in winter. The scientists say the water could yield clues about rising sea levels. Our environment correspondent Matt McGrath reports.

研究者称在格陵兰冰架下发现大量融雪水，即使在冬天仍处于液态。科学家称可能会透露有关海平面上升的信息，环境记者马修·麦格拉斯报道。

The melting of the Greenland ice sheet increased rapidly over the past decade, but scientists are still uncertain about the ultimate destination of the outflows of water. Now researchers say they've detected a large quantity of liquid stored in partially²³ compacted snow. This massive aquifer²⁴ covers 70,000 sq km, and the researchers believe it contains about 140 billion tons of water enough to raise global sea levels by 0.4 millimeters. But the researchers are still uncertain that this new discovery is leaching²⁵ into the sea or not.Matt McGrath, BBC News.

过去10年来格陵兰冰架的融化速度很快，但科学家仍不确定这些雪水的最终目的地。目前研究者称在部分被压缩的积雪下发现大量流水，巨大的蓄水层占7万平方公里，研究者认为里面有大约1400亿吨水，足以使全球海平面上升0.4毫米。但研究者仍不确定这些雪水是否会流向大海。马修·麦格拉斯。BBC新闻。

1 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

2 escalating   

v.（使）逐步升级( escalate的现在分词 )；（使）逐步扩大；（使）更高；（使）更大

参考例句：

• The cost of living is escalating. 生活费用在迅速上涨。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The cost of living is escalating in the country. 这个国家的生活费用在上涨。 来自辞典例句

3 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

4 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

5 tycoon   

n.有钱有势的企业家，大亨

参考例句：

• The tycoon is on the verge of bankruptcy.那名大亨濒临破产的边缘。
• The tycoon has many servants to minister to his needs.那位大亨有很多人服侍他。

6 evasion   

n.逃避，偷漏(税)

参考例句：

• The movie star is in prison for tax evasion.那位影星因为逃税而坐牢。
• The act was passed as a safeguard against tax evasion.这项法案旨在防止逃税行为。

7 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

8 imprisonment   

n.关押，监禁，坐牢

参考例句：

• His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
• He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。

9 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

11 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。

12 stifle   

vt.使窒息；闷死；扼杀；抑止，阻止

参考例句：

• She tried hard to stifle her laughter.她强忍住笑。
• It was an uninteresting conversation and I had to stifle a yawn.那是一次枯燥无味的交谈，我不得不强忍住自己的呵欠。

13 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

14 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

15 demonstration   

n.表明，示范，论证，示威

参考例句：

• His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
• He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。

16 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

17 cargo   

n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物

参考例句：

• The ship has a cargo of about 200 ton.这条船大约有200吨的货物。
• A lot of people discharged the cargo from a ship.许多人从船上卸下货物。

18 wagons   

n.四轮的运货马车( wagon的名词复数 )；铁路货车；小手推车

参考例句：

• The wagons were hauled by horses. 那些货车是马拉的。
• They drew their wagons into a laager and set up camp. 他们把马车围成一圈扎起营地。

19 coma   

n.昏迷，昏迷状态

参考例句：

• The patient rallied from the coma.病人从昏迷中苏醒过来。
• She went into a coma after swallowing a whole bottle of sleeping pills.她吃了一整瓶安眠药后就昏迷过去了。

20 promptly   

adv.及时地，敏捷地

参考例句：

• He paid the money back promptly.他立即还了钱。
• She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。

21 randomly   

adv.随便地，未加计划地

参考例句：

• Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内，分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
• Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句

22 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

23 partially   

adv.部分地，从某些方面讲

参考例句：

• The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
• The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静，宵禁部分解除。

24 aquifer   

n.含水土层

参考例句：

• An aquifer is a water-bearing rock stratum such as sandstone and chalk.地下蓄水层是一些有水的岩石层，如沙岩和白垩岩。
• The wine region's first water came from an ancient aquifer.用来灌溉这个地区葡萄园的第一批水来自古老的地下蓄水层。

25 leaching   

n.滤取，滤去v.（将化学品、矿物质等）过滤( leach的现在分词 )；（液体）过滤，滤去

参考例句：

• The lack of humus and the excessive leaching make this soil almost useless for agricultural purpose. 缺少腐殖质和过度淋滤使这种土壤对农业几乎无用。 来自辞典例句
• The deep oxidation and groundwater leaching solubilizes much of the loosely bound uranium. 深部氧化和地下水淋蚀使大部分固定得比较松散的铀溶解。 来自辞典例句