大学英语六级阅读部分通关秘籍

 　　大学英语六级阅读部分通关秘籍

　　第一部分 六级快速阅读

　　六级快速阅读概况与解题基本方略：

　　六级的快速阅读和四级快速阅读的形式、比例、分值、包括解题方法都很像。一篇六级速读全长约1000词至1200词左右，需要考生在15分钟内完成，请记住，涂卡时间也是算在这15分钟之内的。

　　倒看原则：先看题目，再 “按图索骥”回到原文中去；

　　标记原则：数据、年代、地名、人名、组织名、大写名称等等经常在题目和原文中互相照应；

　　注意标题：小标题会成为很多题目层次的分界线，下文中并没有出现，但今后的考试中要特别注意。

　　请在10分钟内完成以下题目。

　　The History of Pizza Hut

　　Pizza Hut was started in 1958, by two brothers in Wichita, Kansas. Frank and Dan Carney had the idea to open a pizza parlor¹. They borrowed $600 from their mother, and opened the very first Pizza Hut. In 1959, the first franchise² unit opened in Topeka, Kansas. Almost a decade later, Pizza Hut would be serving one million customers a week in their 310 locations. In 1970, Pizza Hut was put on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol PIZ.

　　In 1986, Pizza Hut introduced delivery service, something no other restaurant was doing. By the 1990's Pizza Hut sales had reached $4 billion worldwide. In 1998, Pizza Hut celebrated³ their 40th anniversary, and launched their famous campaign "The Best Pizzas Under One Roof." In 1996, Pizza Hut sales in the United States were over $5 million. Out of all the existing pizza chains, Pizza Hut had the largest market share, 46.4%. However, Pizza Hut's market share has slowly eroded⁴ because of intense competition from their rivals Domino's, Little Caesar's and newcomer Papa John's. Home delivery was a driving force for success, especially for Pizza Hut and Domino's.

　　However, this forced competitors to look for new methods of increasing their customer bases. Many pizza chains decided⁵ to diversify⁶ and offer new non-pizza items such as buffalo⁷ wings, and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better, pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions⁹ and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas.

　　In the past, Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing¹⁰ strategy in the past has always been to be first. One of their main strategies that they still follow today is the diversification¹¹ of the products they offer. Pizza Hut is always adding something new to their menu, trying to reach new markets. For example, in 1992 the famous buffet¹² was launched in Pizza Hut restaurants worldwide. They were trying to offer many different food items for customers who didn't necessarily want pizza.

　　Another strategy they used in the past and are still using is the diversification of their pizzas. Pizza Hut is always trying to come up with some innovative¹³ way to make a pizza into something slightly different - different enough that customers will think it’s a whole new product. For example, let's look at some of the pizzas Pizza Hut has marketed in the past. In 1983, Pizza Hut introduced their Pan Pizza, which had a guarantee of being ready to eat in 5 minutes when dining at Pizza Hut restaurants. In 1993, they introduced the "BigFoot," which was two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. In 1995, they introduced "Stuffed Crust Pizza," where the crust would be filled with cheese. In 1997, they marketed "The Edge," which had cheese and toppings all the way to the edge of the pizza. Currently, they are marketing "The Big New Yorker," trying to bring the famous New York style pizza to the whole country.

　　Another opportunity that Pizza Hut has is their new ordering online system. Anyone with Internet access can order whatever they wish and get it delivered to their house without even speaking to someone. This program has just been started, so we do not have any numbers to support whether or not it will be a success.

　　Lastly, Pizza Hut has always valued customer service and satisfaction. In 1995, Pizza Hut began two customer satisfaction programs: a 1-800 number customer hotline, and a customer call-back program. These were implemented¹⁴ to make sure their customers were happy, and always wanted to return. In our plan, we will first give a situation analysis of current and relevant environmental conditions that affect our plan. Next, we will give a brief analysis of the current fast food industry, and any trends or changes that might occur in the future.

　　However, the fact that Pizza Hut does have a restaurant to run is also a weakness. Pizza Hut has higher overhead costs, due to the restaurant that other competitors don't have to deal with. Another result of higher overhead costs is higher prices Pizza Hut must charge. Obviously, Pizza Hut is not the low cost producer. They rely on their quality pizza and good service to account for their higher prices.

　　An indirect weakness that Pizza Hut has is that they have lost a lot of their customers and market share due to such intense competition with competitors. Pizza Hut's opportunities are almost endless. They can increase revenue with their new innovative pizzas, and increase brand loyalty¹⁵ with good customer service.

　　Pizza Hut's number one threats are from their competitors. Currently, their closest competitor is Domino's Pizza. Domino's main competitive advantage over Pizza Hut is their price. It is generally lower than Pizza Hut. Also, Domino's was very profitable when they ran the promotional deal of delivering a pizza within 30 minutes. However, many lawsuits¹⁶ have been filed against Domino's in the past for reckless driving by their drivers, so Domino's withdrew the promotion⁸. Little Caesar's is another one of Pizza Hut's competitors, right behind Domino's in market share. Little Caesar's is famous for offering large quantities of pizza for less money. Other competitors include Papa John's, Sbarro, and Pizza Inn.

　　A problem facing all of the pizza chains is that each of their individual competitive advantages are pretty much everyone's competitive advantages. Most if not all the top pizza chains offer free delivery, and always have some sort of promotional deal offering large pizzas at reduced prices. Other competitors to take into consideration are frozen pizzas and make-it-yourself pizzas that are purchased in grocery stores. Some examples of these are Tombstone Pizzas, Boboli, and Di'Gornio pizzas.

　　1. Pizza Hut expanded its business into many parts of the country by the time of 1969.

　　2. Pizza Hut has always dominated the market and is free of challenge.

　　3. Fruits and salads are now commonly served at pizza restaurants.

　　4. The diversification strategy is to be the first mover.

　　5. In Pizza Hut, a Pan Pizza was ___________ to serve in 5 minutes.

　　6. If you want a pizza from Pizza Hut delivered directly to your house, you have to have ________ in the first place.

　　7. In order to make sure their customers were happy, Pizza Hut introduced _____________.

　　8. The higher overhead costs of Pizza Hut obviously accounted for ______________

　　9. The reason why Domino’s withdrew their promotion was that they suffered legally from _____

　　10. Major pizza makers¹⁷ have to face the problem that their competitive advantages are _______

　　参考答案

　　1. Y 2. N 3. NG 4. N

　　5. guaranteed

　　6. Internet access

　　7. two customer satisfaction programs

　　8. higher prices of their pizzas

　　9. reckless driving by their drivers

　　10. the same

　　简单解析：

　　快速阅读的解题策略是关键词定位和信息对比。本文主要讲述了必胜客的发展和行业竞争，题目设置较为清楚，根据题干及文章都很容易定位，基本上是一段对应一题。可能在第1、9、10题会有些踌躇，第一题中的1969年对应了文章第一段a decade later，第9题中需要填写遭受（suffer from）的宾语，文中并没有直接点明，而是在第11段中用了一个同义替换的形式“filed against Domino’s in the past for”，最后一题对应文章最后一段中的pretty much。

　　第二部分：六级精读

　　六级精读概况与解题基本方略：

　　六级阅读包括：快读阅读（占全卷10%），简短回答（占全卷5%），精读（占全卷20%）。六级精读共包括两篇文章，做题时间为20分钟左右，最多勿超过25分钟。六级精读词汇量大、句子结构复杂，因而准确解答关键在于两点：定位和理解。通常采用的解题方法是：（1）阅读题干，推断文章主题；（2）确定题型，找出关键词；（3）浏览文章，圈定关键词；（4）理解区域，对比选项。

　　请在12分钟内完成以下题目：

　　The percentage of immigrants (including those unlawfully present) in the United states has been creeping upward for years. At 12.6 percent, it is now higher than at any point since the mid1920s.

　　We are not about to go back to the days when Congress openly worried about inferior races polluting America’s bloodstream. But once again we are wondering whether we have too many of the wrong sort newcomers. Their loudest critics argue that the new wave of immigrants cannot, and indeed do not want to, fit in as previous generations did.

　　We now know that these racist¹⁸ views were wrong. In time, Italians, Romanians and members of other so-called inferior races became exemplary Americans and contributed greatly, in ways too numerous to detail, to the building of this magnificent nation. There is no reason why these new immigrants should not have the same success.

　　Although children of Mexican immigrants do better, in terms of educational and professional attainment¹⁹, than their parents UCLA sociologist²⁰ Edward Telles has found that the gains don’t continue. Indeed, the fouth generation is marginally worse off than the third James Jackson, of the University of Michigan, has found a similar trend among black Caribbean immigrants, Tells fears that Mexican-Americans may be fated to follow in the footsteps of American blacks-that large parts of the community may become mired（陷入）in a seemingly permanent state of poverty and Underachievement. Like African-Americans, Mexican-Americans are increasingly relegated²¹ to (降入)segregated, substandard schools, and their dropout²² rate is the highest for any ethnic²³ group in the country.

　　We have learned much about the foolish idea of excluding people on the presumption²⁴ of the ethnic/racial inferiority. But what we have not yet learned is how to make the process of Americanization work for all. I am not talking about requiring people to learn English or to adopt American ways; those things happen pretty much on their own, but as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people , once outsiders , don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.

　　That is a much larger question than what should happen with undocumented workers, or how best to secure the border, and it is one that affects not only newcomers but groups that have been here for generations. It will have more impact on our future than where we decide to set the admissions bar for the latest ware²⁵ of would-be Americans. And it would be nice if we finally got the answer right.

　　1. How were immigrants viewed by U.S. Congress in early days?

　　A) They were of inferior races.

　　B) They were a Source of political corruption²⁶.

　　C) They were a threat to the nation’s security.

　　D) They were part of the nation’s bloodstream.

　　2. What does the author think of the new immigrants?

　　A) They will be a dynamic work force in the U.S.

　　B) They can do just as well as their predecessors²⁷.

　　C) They will be very disappointed on the new land.

　　D) They may find it hard to fit into the mainstream²⁸.

　　3. What does Edward Telles’ research say about Mexican-Americans?

　　A) They may slowly improve from generation to generation.

　　B) They will do better in terms of educational attainment.

　　C) They will melt into the African-American community.

　　D) They may forever remain poor and underachieving.

　　4. What should be done to help the new immigrants?

　　A) Rid them of their inferiority complex.

　　B) Urge them to adopt American customs.

　　C) Prevent them from being marginalized.

　　D) Teach them standard American English.

　　5. According to the author, the burning issue concerning immigration is_______.

　　A) How to deal with people entering the U.S. without documents

　　B) How to help immigrants to better fit into American society

　　C) How to stop illegal immigrants from crossing the border

　　D) How to limit the number of immigrants to enter the U.S.

　　Reading in Depth

　　1. A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B

　　简单解析：

　　本文的五个题目中都提及了new immigrants，因而文章主题是谈“美国新移民”的问题。

　　第一题利用关键词U.S. Congress，定位在文章第二段首句。题干中还有一个重要的信息词in early days，是对第二段首句中的go back to the days的改写，因此答案就在二段首句。

　　第二题的关键词the new immigrants定位在文章三段末句，意思是为什么这些新移民就不能拥有同样的成功。因此在作者看来新移民同样可以和他们的先人一样。

　　第三题通过题干关键词Edward Telles和Mexican-Americans定位在文章第四段的第三句。

　　第四题则利用依次而下的顺序出题原则，可以定位在文章倒数第二段中。由于定位区域比较宽泛，可以利用出题原则帮助进一步定位，文章倒数第二段中连续出现两次转折but，因此段落重心应该是as arguments about immigration hear up the campaign trail, we also ought to ask some broader question about assimilation, about how to ensure that people, once outsiders, don’t forever remain marginalized within these shores.而题干中考查如何帮助新移民，和此句中的we also ought to近义改写，因此“如何确保这些外来移民不会永远边缘化”，和C同义。

　　第五题可以用the burning issue定位在文章最后一段首句。

1 parlor   

n.店铺，营业室；会客室，客厅

参考例句：

• She was lying on a small settee in the parlor.她躺在客厅的一张小长椅上。
• Is there a pizza parlor in the neighborhood?附近有没有比萨店？

2 franchise   

n.特许，特权，专营权，特许权

参考例句：

• Catering in the schools is run on a franchise basis.学校餐饮服务以特许权经营。
• The United States granted the franchise to women in 1920.美国于1920年给妇女以参政权。

3 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

4 eroded   

adj. 被侵蚀的，有蚀痕的 动词erode的过去式和过去分词形式

参考例句：

• The cliff face has been steadily eroded by the sea. 峭壁表面逐渐被海水侵蚀。
• The stream eroded a channel in the solid rock. 小溪在硬石中侵蚀成一条水道。

5 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

6 diversify   

v.（使）不同，（使）变得多样化

参考例句：

• Our company is trying to diversify.我们公司正力图往多样化方面发展。
• Hills and woods diversify the landscape.山陵和树木点缀景色。

7 buffalo   

n.(北美)野牛；(亚洲)水牛

参考例句：

• Asian buffalo isn't as wild as that of America's. 亚洲水牛比美洲水牛温顺些。
• The boots are made of buffalo hide. 这双靴子是由水牛皮制成的。

8 promotion   

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传

参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。

9 promotions   

促进( promotion的名词复数 )； 提升； 推广； 宣传

参考例句：

• All services or promotions must have an appeal and wide application. 所有服务或促销工作都必须具有吸引力和广泛的适用性。
• He promptly directed the highest promotions and decorations for General MacArthur. 他授予麦克阿瑟将军以最高的官阶和勋奖。

10 marketing   

n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西

参考例句：

• They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
• He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

11 diversification   

n.变化，多样化；多种经营

参考例句：

• The seminar was to discuss diversification of agriculture. 该研讨会讨论的是农业多种经营。 来自辞典例句
• Firm diversification is increasingly achieved by the means of takeover and merger. 通过接管和兼并，厂商经营范围日益多样化。 来自辞典例句

12 buffet   

n.自助餐；饮食柜台；餐台

参考例句：

• Are you having a sit-down meal or a buffet at the wedding?你想在婚礼中摆桌宴还是搞自助餐？
• Could you tell me what specialties you have for the buffet?你能告诉我你们的自助餐有什么特色菜吗？

13 innovative   

adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的

参考例句：

• Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
• He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

14 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

15 loyalty   

n.忠诚，忠心

参考例句：

• She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
• His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的一片忠心从来没受到怀疑。

16 lawsuits   

n.诉讼( lawsuit的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Lawsuits involving property rights and farming and grazing rights increased markedly. 涉及财产权，耕作与放牧权的诉讼案件显著地增加。 来自辞典例句
• I've lost and won more lawsuits than any man in England. 全英国的人算我官司打得最多，赢的也多，输的也多。 来自辞典例句

17 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 racist   

n.种族主义者，种族主义分子

参考例句：

• a series of racist attacks 一连串的种族袭击行为
• His speech presented racist ideas under the guise of nationalism. 他的讲话以民族主义为幌子宣扬种族主义思想。

19 attainment   

n.达到，到达；［常pl.］成就，造诣

参考例句：

• We congratulated her upon her attainment to so great an age.我们祝贺她高寿。
• The attainment of the success is not easy.成功的取得并不容易。

20 sociologist   

n.研究社会学的人，社会学家

参考例句：

• His mother was a sociologist,researching socialism.他的母亲是个社会学家，研究社会主义。
• Max Weber is a great and outstanding sociologist.马克斯·韦伯是一位伟大的、杰出的社会学家。

21 relegated   

v.使降级( relegate的过去式和过去分词 )；使降职；转移；把…归类

参考例句：

• She was then relegated to the role of assistant. 随后她被降级做助手了。
• I think that should be relegated to the garbage can of history. 我认为应该把它扔进历史的垃圾箱。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

22 dropout   

n.退学的学生；退学；退出者

参考例句：

• There is a high dropout rate from some college courses.有些大学课程的退出率很高。
• In the long haul,she'll regret having been a school dropout.她终归会后悔不该中途辍学。

23 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

24 presumption   

n.推测，可能性，冒昧，放肆，[法律]推定

参考例句：

• Please pardon my presumption in writing to you.请原谅我很冒昧地写信给你。
• I don't think that's a false presumption.我认为那并不是错误的推测。

25 ware   

n.(常用复数)商品，货物

参考例句：

• The shop sells a great variety of porcelain ware.这家店铺出售品种繁多的瓷器。
• Good ware will never want a chapman.好货不须叫卖。

26 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

27 predecessors   

n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身

参考例句：

• The new government set about dismantling their predecessors' legislation. 新政府正着手废除其前任所制定的法律。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Will new plan be any more acceptable than its predecessors? 新计划比原先的计划更能令人满意吗？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

28 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。