英语六级语法精要：现在完成时

 　　现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果对现在造成影响。

　　(1)过去发生的动作发生到现在，刚刚完成;

　　(2)从过去发生的动作，发生到现在，刚刚告一段落，但是后面会继续发生;

　　eg：I have just finished¹ my homework.

　　It has rained for 3 days.

　　过去时与现在完成时的区别：

　　(1)过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强 调的是影响。

　　eg：I came² to Beijing in 1995.

　　I have stayed in Beijing since³ 1995.

　　(2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与段的时间状语连用，或无时间状语; 一般过去时常用时间状语：y esterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October…(具体时间)

　　现在完成时常用时间状语：for, since, so far…(长期的段时间)

　　eg：He had⁴ dinner with me yesterday.

　　I have played basketball for 3 hours.

　　(3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know;过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die⁵, finish, become, get married⁶等;

　　eg：He got⁷ married two years ago.

　　I have lived in Beijing for 10 years.

　　用于现在完成时的句型

　　(1)It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。

　　It is the first time that I have visited the city.

　　It was⁸ the third time that the boy had been late.

　　(2)This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.

　　This is the best film that I’ve (ever⁹) seen¹⁰.

　　这是我看过的最好的电影。

　　This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌。< /p>

　　典型例题

　　---Have you ____ been to our town before?

　　---No, it’s the first time I ___ here.

　　A. even¹¹, come　 B. even, have come　　C. ever, come　 D. ever, have come

　　答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中， 从句要用完成时。

1 finished   

adj.完成的，精湛的；v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
• We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。

2 came   

v.动词come的过去式

参考例句：

• I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里，我很惊奇。
• The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。

3 since   

adv.后来；conj.既然，因为，自从；prep.自从

参考例句：

• He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后，他就一直在一家银行工作。
• I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。

4 had   

vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有

参考例句：

• I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
• The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。

5 die   

v.死；死亡

参考例句：

• Flowers will die without water.没有水，花就会枯死。
• We shall die some day.我们总有一天要弃世而去。

6 married   

adj.已婚的；与…结婚的

参考例句：

• I heard John got married.我听说约翰结婚了。
• They got married last autumn.他们在去年秋季结婚。

7 got   

v.(get的过去式)得到，猜到，明白

参考例句：

• I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
• I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。

8 was   

v.(is,am的过去式)是，在

参考例句：

• He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
• He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。

9 ever   

adv.曾经；永远；不断地；在任何时候；究竟

参考例句：

• Have you ever been to hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗？
• I will be young and strong and beautiful for ever.我将永远年轻、强壮，永远漂亮。

10 seen   

vbl.(see的过去分词)看见

参考例句：

• Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后，就没有见过他了。
• I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。

11 even   

adj.平坦的，偶数的，相等的；adv.甚至，恰好，正当

参考例句：

• It was cold yesterday,but it's even colder today. 昨天冷，今天更冷了。
• He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience.尽管他经验最少，但教得最好。