美国文化生活十日谈（二）

      美国文化生活十日谈（二）
   　（二） 美国人的用餐习惯
美国人吃饭用刀叉，而且他们的用餐方式是很有讲究的。因此，在应邀与美国朋友一起吃饭时，应特别注意他们的用餐习惯。一般情况下，餐桌上摆放有一幅餐刀和两幅餐叉，外边的餐叉供你吃色拉，里边的餐叉用于吃主食和其它点心食品，餐刀用来切肉食。如果你两手并用，应左手握叉，右手握刀，而且一次握刀时间不能太长。美国人的早餐有：炒或煮鸡蛋、香肠、油炸土豆片、薄煎饼、果子冻、烤面包、松饼、桔子汁以及咖啡等。
Eating Custom and Practice 用餐习惯
American eating is funny． They eat almost everything with a fork， and it appears that holding a knife in one‘s right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table manners．
The system is that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife， people take the fork in their left hand， and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is in the normal manner． Then they put the knife down， transfer¹ the fork to their right hand， and only then do they transport the food to their mouth． This is clearly ludicrous（滑稽可笑）， but it is considered good manners．
There are several results of this system． First， if it is not absolutely necessary to use a knife， Americans don‘t use one， because obviously² this greatly complicates（使复杂化） things， and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like potatoes， fish and even bacon（熏猪肉） with a fork． Second， towards the end of a course， since only one implement（器具） is being used， food has to be chased³ around the plate with the fork — and for the last mouthful the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place， although one is not supposed to do this．
Third， tables are generally laid with one knife and two forks， the outside fork being for the salad． There is no need for foreign visitors to follow the American system and try to eat the salad with only a fork， but if you do use your knife， remember to save it for the meat course． Even desserts（甜食） （except ice cream） are eaten with a fork if at all possible， and the spoon you see by your dessert is meant to be for coffee （but if you use it for your dessert no one will say anything）．
Some Breakfast Dishes 早餐食谱
Breakfast in a restaurant is a very enjoyable experience． If you order eggs in a restaurant， the waiter/waitress will ask you how you want them ． You can reply that you want them "scrambled（炒）" or "boiled"． It is not sufficient⁴， however， to ask for them "fried⁵"； you will have to specify⁶ whether you would prefer them "sunny－side－up" （煎一面）， "over"（两面煎）， "over－easy/easy－over"（两面煎，但蛋黄仍然呈流体状）．
American sausage（香肠） comes in slices and is quite spicy⁷． But you can also have link sausage．
American bacon comes in small strips⁸， can be rather fat， and is served crispy． It is usually very tasty， and you can eat it with your fingers．
"Hash brows"（油炸土豆片） are shredded（切成碎片的） and fried potatoes． They are wonderful， especially with fried eggs and ketchup（蕃茄酱）．
"Pancakes"， sometimes called "hot cakes"， are made with baking power． They are normally⁹ served in a pile， and you are supposed to put butter and syrup（果浆） on them．
"Jelly¹⁰"（果子冻） is jam and includes grape jelly， which is very tasty．
Toast is often served already buttered．
"English muffins（松饼）" are like small crumpets（烤饼） without the holes and are served toasted． You put jam on them．
A "biscuit"（软饼） is a small， scone－like bread roll， often served hot．Orange juice and coffee are often serced with breakfast．

1 transfer   

n. 迁移, 移动, 换车; v. 转移, 调转, 调任

参考例句：

• He has been kicking against this transfer for weeks. 几周以来他一直反对这次调动。
• I intend to transfer the property to my son. 我想把这笔财产转给我儿子。

2 obviously   

adv.显然；明白地

参考例句：

• Obviously they were putting him to a severe test.显然他们是在给他以严峻的考验。
• Obviously he was lying.显然他是在撒谎。

3 chased   

vt.追捕（chase的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• The boy chased his sister in and out among the bushes. 那个男孩在灌木丛里跟着他姐姐追过来追过去。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The enemy chased the decoys down to the place of ambush. 敌人将诱骗者一直追到伏兵所在地。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 sufficient   

adj.enough充足的，充分的

参考例句：

• His income is sufficient for his needs.他的收入能满足他的需要。
• Have you had sufficient?你吃饱了没有？

5 fried   

adj.油煎的；油炒的

参考例句：

• I ate everything fried.所有油炸的我都吃。
• I prefer fried peanuts.我选择炸花生。

6 specify   

vt.指定，详细说明

参考例句：

• We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。
• Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。

7 spicy   

adj.加香料的；辛辣的，有风味的

参考例句：

• The soup tasted mildly spicy.汤尝起来略有点辣。
• Very spicy food doesn't suit her stomach.太辣的东西她吃了胃不舒服。

8 strips   

n. 条，片 名词strip的复数形式

参考例句：

• Cut the vegetables into thin strips. 把菜切成细条。
• The baskets are woven from strips of willow. 这些篮子是用柳条编的。

9 normally   

adv.正常地，通常地

参考例句：

• I normally do all my shopping on Saturdays.我通常在星期六买东西。
• My pulse beats normally.我脉搏正常。

10 jelly   

n.冻，果子冻，胶状物

参考例句：

• We had toast and jelly at breakfast.我们早餐吃的是烤面包和果冻。
• The medicine was a clear jelly.这种药是透明的胶状物。