美国文化生活十日谈（三）

      美国文化生活十日谈（三）
   　（三） 美国人的主食
美国人吃午餐和吃晚餐之前通常要喝点鸡尾酒，但在加利福尼亚州，人们大都喝葡萄酒。吃主食之前，一般都要吃一盘色拉。炸磨茹和炸洋葱圈可作为开胃食品，牛排、猪排和鸡（腿）为主食，龙虾、贝壳类动物以及各种鱼类甚至包括淡水鱼被统称为海鲜。炸土豆条是深受人们喜爱而且几乎成了必不可少的食物。另外应特别注意的一点，如有吃剩的食物，一定要打包带回家，以免浪费。
Cocktail¹鸡尾酒
It is quite usual to drink cocktails² before lunch and dinner in America and somewhat less usual， except in California， to drink wine with a meal． You can either have a cocktail in the bar， if there is one， while you wait for a table or for friends， or you can have one served before your dinner comes． At some restaurants the waiter/waitress will come to your table as soon as you sit down to ask if you want a cocktail， and you can then drink this while deciding what to order to eat． At others， there may be a separate cocktail waiter or waitress． In this case， you do not normally order wine from him or her but from the normal waiter－ or the wine waiter is there is one．
Do not hesitate to order Californian wines． They can be excellent and in many parts of the country are cheap．
Salad　色拉
It is usual to have a salad with your meal， and a separate plate is provided for this purpose． The normal practice in America is to eat the salad before the main course． A wonderful American invention is the salad bar． In restaurants that have these salad bars the waiter does not bring your salad． You go to the salad bar and help yourself， usually to as much as you want． This is normally done after you have ordered your meal； you eat the salad while the main course is being cooked．
Choosing from the Menu　选菜
American menus can look rather confusing at first sight， for they may use some terms which are unfamiliar³ to most vistors． Here are some points which may be useful．
Fried mushrooms， fried onion rings （洋葱圈） and fried zucchini （小胡瓜） are sometimes served as starters （第一道菜）．
Potatoes most often come "French－fried" or baked． If you order a baked potato， the waiter will ask you what you want on it． The choice is butter and/or sour cream and sometimes chives （细香葱）．
Very often vegetables do not come automatically with the meal， and you have to pay extra for them．
"Scrod" （小鳕鱼）， "red snapper" （啮龟） and "mahi hahi" are all name of fish． "Seafood"means lobster⁴ （龙虾）， shellfish and fish， including，funnily enough， freshwater fish！ Prawns⁵ （对虾） are known as "shrimp⁶"．
American beef is usually good and often wonderful．
American salt and pepper （糊椒粉） pots are confusing until you realize that the salt pot may look like a pepper pot except that the salt pot‘s holes are bigger． Pepper is normally black rather than white． American mustard （芥末） is mild and normally eaten with hot dogs or hamburgers rather than meat．
And that stuff in a dish that looks ice cream is actually whipped （搅拌过的） butter．
Leftovers⁷　吃剩的食物
You．

1 cocktail   

n.鸡尾酒；餐前开胃小吃；混合物

参考例句：

• We invited some foreign friends for a cocktail party.我们邀请了一些外国朋友参加鸡尾酒会。
• At a cocktail party in Hollywood,I was introduced to Charlie Chaplin.在好莱坞的一次鸡尾酒会上，人家把我介绍给查理·卓别林。

2 cocktails   

n.鸡尾酒( cocktail的名词复数 )；餐前开胃菜；混合物

参考例句：

• Come about 4 o'clock. We'll have cocktails and grill steaks. 请四点钟左右来，我们喝鸡尾酒，吃烤牛排。 来自辞典例句
• Cocktails were a nasty American habit. 喝鸡尾酒是讨厌的美国习惯。 来自辞典例句

3 unfamiliar   

adj.陌生的，不熟悉的

参考例句：

• I am unfamiliar with the place and the people here.我在这儿人地生疏。
• The man seemed unfamiliar to me.这人很面生。

4 lobster   

n.龙虾，龙虾肉

参考例句：

• The lobster is a shellfish.龙虾是水生贝壳动物。
• I like lobster but it does not like me.我喜欢吃龙虾，但它不适宜于我的健康。

5 prawns   

n.对虾，明虾( prawn的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Mine was a picture of four translucent prawns, with two small fish swimming above them. 给我画的是四只虾，半透明的，上画有两条小鱼。 来自汉英文学 - 现代散文
• Shall we get some shrimp and prawns? 我们要不要买些小虾和对虾？ 来自无师自通 校园英语会话

6 shrimp   

n.虾，小虾；矮小的人

参考例句：

• When the shrimp farm is built it will block the stream.一旦养虾场建起来，将会截断这条河流。
• When it comes to seafood,I like shrimp the best.说到海鲜，我最喜欢虾。

7 leftovers   

n.剩余物，残留物，剩菜

参考例句：

• He can do miracles with a few kitchen leftovers.他能用厨房里几样剩饭做出一顿美餐。
• She made supper from leftovers she had thrown together.她用吃剩的食物拼凑成一顿晚饭。