VOA时事新闻2023 苏丹内乱影响深远

Foreign governments have evacuated¹ hundreds of diplomats² and other citizens from Sudan since Sunday.

自周日以来，外国政府已经从苏丹撤离了数百名外交官和其他公民。

For Sudanese, the evacuation is a sign that international powers expect conditions to worsen in the North African nation.

对苏丹人来说，撤离是一个表明国际大国预计这个北非国家的局势将会恶化的迹象。

The fighting between forces loyal to two top Sudanese generals has killed over 420 and injured more than 3,700.

忠于两名苏丹高级将领的军队之间的战斗已造成420多人死亡，3700多人受伤。

The country is at risk of collapse³ and the fighting could affect others far beyond its borders.

该国正面临崩溃的危险，战斗可能会影响到该国边界之外的其他国家。

The leaders of the two fighting forces are General Abdel Fattah Burhan, head of the armed forces, and General Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo of a paramilitary group known as the Rapid Support Forces (RSF).

这两支战斗部队的领导人是武装部队总司令阿卜杜勒-法塔赫·布尔汉将军和准军事组织快速支援部队的穆罕默德·哈姆丹·达加洛将军。

The two generals came to power after pro-democracy protests led to the 2019 ouster of long-time ruler Omar al-Bashir.

这两位将军是在2019年亲民主抗议活动导致长期统治者奥马尔·巴希尔下台后上台的。

In 2021, the two joined forces to seize power from a civilian⁴ government.

2021年，两人联手从平民政府手中夺取政权。

In recent months, negotiations⁵ were underway for a return to a democratic political system.

近几个月来，有关恢复民主政治制度的谈判正在进行。

Tensions between Burhan and Dagalo worsened during negotiations to reach a final agreement.

在达成最终协议的谈判期间，布尔汉和达加洛之间的紧张关系进一步恶化。

The main dispute is over how the RSF would be mixed into the military and who would have control over fighters and weapons.

主要的争议是快速支援部队将如何融入武装部队，以及谁将控制部队和武器。

Alex De Waal is a Sudan expert at Tufts University.

亚历克斯·德瓦尔是塔夫茨大学的苏丹问题专家。

He wrote in a note to colleagues this week that the conflict should be seen as "the first round of a civil war."

本周，他在给同事的一份短笺中写道，这场冲突应该被视为“内战的第一轮”。

Sudan is Africa's third-largest country by area.

苏丹是非洲面积第三大的国家。

The country uneasily shares the waters of the Nile River with Egypt and Ethiopia.

该国不安地与埃及和埃塞俄比亚共享尼罗河水域。

Egypt relies on the Nile to support its population of over 100 million.

埃及依靠尼罗河养活其1亿多人口。

Ethiopia is working on a huge dam to contain water upstream.

埃塞俄比亚正在修建一座巨型大坝，以控制上游的水。

Egypt has close ties to Sudan's military, which it sees as an ally against Ethiopia.

埃及与苏丹武装部队关系密切，埃及将苏丹武装部队视为其对抗埃塞俄比亚的盟友。

Egypt has contacted both sides in Sudan to press for a cease-fire.

埃及已经联系苏丹双方，敦促双方停火。

But Egypt is unlikely to stand by if the military faces defeat.

但如果武装部队面临失败，埃及不太可能会袖手旁观。

Sudan borders five other countries: Libya, Chad, the Central African Republic, Eritrea, and South Sudan.

苏丹与其他五个国家接壤：利比亚、乍得、中非共和国、厄立特里亚和南苏丹。

Nearly all of them face internal conflict, with different rebel groups operating along the borders.

几乎所有这些国家都面临着内部冲突，不同的反叛组织在边境沿线活动。

"What happens in Sudan will not stay in Sudan," said Alan Boswell of the International Crisis Group.

国际危机组织的艾伦·博斯韦尔说：“苏丹发生的事情不会只发生在苏丹。”

"Chad and South Sudan look most immediately at risk of potential spillover.

“乍得和南苏丹看起来最有可能会立即面临潜在的溢出风险。

But the longer (the fighting) drags on the more likely it is we see major external intervention⁶."

但战斗拖得越久，我们就越有可能会看到大的外部干预。”

Arab Gulf⁷ countries have looked to Africa in recent years as they have sought to project power across the area.

近年来，海湾阿拉伯国家一直将目光投向非洲，试图在该地区投射力量。

The United Arab Emirates has close ties to the Rapid Support Forces.

阿联酋与快速支援部队关系密切。

The group sent thousands of fighters to aid the UAE and Saudi Arabia in their war against Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen.

该组织曾派出数千名战士协助阿联酋和沙特阿拉伯对抗伊朗支持的也门胡塞叛军。

Russia has long had plans to build a naval⁸ base at Port Sudan that could support up to 300 troops and four ships.

俄罗斯长期以来一直计划在苏丹港建立一个海军基地，该基地可容纳多达300名士兵和4艘军舰。

The Red Sea port is on the busy trading route for energy shipments to Europe.

这个红海港口位于向欧洲出口能源的繁忙贸易路线上。

The Wagner Group is a Russian mercenary organization with close ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin's government.

瓦格纳集团是一个与俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京政府关系密切的俄罗斯雇佣兵组织。

The group has been operating in Sudan since 2017.

该组织自2017年以来一直在苏丹活动。

The United States and the European Union have established economic measures against two Wagner-linked companies.

美国和欧盟已经对两家与瓦格纳集团有关联的公司采取了经济措施。

The gold mining companies were accused of smuggling⁹.

金矿公司被指控走私。

Sudan became an outsider nation when it sheltered Osama bin¹⁰ Laden¹¹ and other militants¹² in the 1990s.

20世纪90年代，苏丹在庇护了乌萨马·本·拉登和其他武装分子后成为一个局外者。

Omar al-Bashir, the country's ruler at the time, had led a hard-line Islamist government.

苏丹当时的统治者奥马尔·巴希尔领导了一个强硬的伊斯兰政府。

Sudan's isolation¹³ deepened over the conflict in western Darfur in the 2000s.

21世纪初，苏丹因达尔富尔西部的冲突而变得更加孤立。

At the time, the Sudanese forces and tribal¹⁴ fighters were accused of carrying out war crimes while suppressing a local rebellion.

当时，苏丹军队和部落战士被指控在镇压当地叛乱时犯下战争罪。

The International Criminal Court later charged al-Bashir with genocide.

国际刑事法院后来指控巴希尔犯有种族灭绝罪。

The U.S. removed Sudan from its list of state supporters of terrorism after the government in Khartoum agreed to establish ties with Israel in 2020.

在喀土穆政府于2020年同意与以色列建立外交关系后，美国将苏丹从支持恐怖主义的国家名单中移除。

But billions of dollars in loans and aid were suspended after the 2021 military takeover.

但在2021年军方接管后，数十亿美元的贷款和援助被暂停。

The lack of foreign support, inflation and the war in Ukraine have all hurt Sudan's economy.

缺乏外国支持、通货膨胀和乌克兰战争都损害了苏丹的经济。

Armed groups in Sudan have long enriched themselves through the control of minerals and other natural resources.

苏丹的武装部队长期以来通过控制矿产和其他自然资源而致富。

Dagalo has large farm animal holdings and gold mining operations.

达加洛拥有大量农场动物饲养场和金矿开采业务。

He is also believed to have been paid by Gulf countries for the RSF's services in fighting rebels in Yemen.

据信，他还从海湾国家那里获得了快速支援部队在也门打击叛军的报酬。

The Sudanese military under Burhan controls much of the country's economy.

布尔汉领导下的苏丹武装部队控制着该国的大部分经济。

It also depends on businessmen who grew rich during al-Bashir's long rule.

它还依赖在巴希尔长期统治期间致富的商人。

De Waal of Tufts University said control over money is as important as over the battlefield.

塔夫茨大学的德瓦尔说，控制金钱与控制战场一样重要。

"(The military) will want to take control of gold mines and smuggling routes.

他说：“武装部队想要控制金矿和走私路线。

The RSF will want to interrupt major transport arteries¹⁵ including the road from Port Sudan to Khartoum," he said.

快速支援部队想要阻断主要的交通要道，包括从苏丹港到喀土穆的道路。”

I'm Mario Ritter Jr. And I'm Jill Robbins.

小马里奥·里特、吉尔·罗宾斯为您共同播报。

1 evacuated   

撤退者的

参考例句：

• Police evacuated nearby buildings. 警方已将附近大楼的居民疏散。
• The fireman evacuated the guests from the burning hotel. 消防队员把客人们从燃烧着的旅馆中撤出来。

2 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

4 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

5 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

6 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

7 gulf   

n.海湾；深渊，鸿沟；分歧，隔阂

参考例句：

• The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
• There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。

8 naval   

adj.海军的，军舰的，船的

参考例句：

• He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
• The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。

9 smuggling   

n.走私

参考例句：

• Some claimed that the docker's union fronted for the smuggling ring.某些人声称码头工人工会是走私集团的掩护所。
• The evidence pointed to the existence of an international smuggling network.证据表明很可能有一个国际走私网络存在。

10 bin   

n.箱柜；vt.放入箱内；[计算机] DOS文件名:二进制目标文件

参考例句：

• He emptied several bags of rice into a bin.他把几袋米倒进大箱里。
• He threw the empty bottles in the bin.他把空瓶子扔进垃圾箱。

11 laden   

adj.装满了的；充满了的；负了重担的；苦恼的

参考例句：

• He is laden with heavy responsibility.他肩负重任。
• Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat.将满载货物的船拖过沙丘是一件了不起的事。

12 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

13 isolation   

n.隔离，孤立，分解，分离

参考例句：

• The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
• He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后，生活比较孤寂。

14 tribal   

adj.部族的，种族的

参考例句：

• He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
• The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。

15 arteries   

n.动脉( artery的名词复数 )；干线，要道

参考例句：

• Even grafting new blood vessels in place of the diseased coronary arteries has been tried. 甚至移植新血管代替不健康的冠状动脉的方法都已经试过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• This is the place where the three main arteries of West London traffic met. 这就是伦敦西部三条主要交通干线的交汇处。 来自《简明英汉词典》