VOA标准英语2014--国际特赦组织：南苏丹境内的战争罪行

 

Amnesty Int'l: War Crimes in South Sudan 国际特赦组织：南苏丹境内的战争罪行

Amnesty International says both sides in South Sudan’s conflict have committed horrific atrocities¹ against civilians³. It says the attacks have been ethnically⁴ motivated and amount to war crimes and crimes against humanity.

国际特赦组织表示，参与南苏丹冲突的双方都犯下残忍对待民众的罪行。它还表示，袭击事件是由种族问题引起的，这相当于战争罪行和反人类犯罪。

The rights group has released the results of its investigation⁵ called Nowhere Safe: Civilians under Attack in South Sudan.

维权组织发布了调查结果，名为没有地方是安全的，其中反映了南苏丹群众受到攻击。

Amnesty International’s Deputy Director for Africa Michelle Kagari says deliberately⁶ attacking civilians is a war crime.

非洲国际特赦组织副主席Michelle Kagari表示故意攻击民众是一种战争罪行。

“We found consistently wherever we went – whether it was a conflict area where the government troops were in control or whether it was the armed opposition⁷ that were in control – civilians had been specifically targeted. And they had been killed. We found evidence of abductions, evidence of rape⁸, including rape of women, who were pregnant, and young girls, which is an additional crime.”

“我们发现不管到哪---政府军队控制的冲突地区还是武装反对派控制的地区---民众都是他们攻击的目标，会被无情杀害。我们找到了他们绑架和强暴的证据，包括强暴孕妇和年轻女子，这些都属于犯罪行为”

She said there is also evidence of the killing⁹ of soldiers, who had laid down their weapons and were no longer taking part in the fighting.

Kagari女士表示，她们还找到了这些人杀害士兵的证据。士兵放下武器，再也不用参与战斗了。

There are no safe havens¹⁰, Kagari said, even in places typically considered sanctuaries¹¹.

她还说，这里没有安全的避风港，甚至连那些被认为是避难所的地方也不安全。

“We found that there was no regard whatsoever¹² to the protection that these places have. And that civilians were being targeted and killed in hospitals, in churches and within the UNMISS bases. And all these are war crimes,” she said.”

“我们发现这些地方不受任何保护。民众在医院、教堂以及南苏丹军基地内都会被杀害。这些都属于战争罪行”她解释道 。

When fighting started last December, many observers, NGO officials and international leaders refrained from calling it an ethnic-based conflict. But Kagari said that a tipping point has been reached since then. She noted¹³ that South Sudan’s own human rights commission said earlier this year that the ethnic-dimensions of the conflict cannot be ignored.

去年12月冲突爆发时，许多观察员、非政府组织官员及国际领导人都避免称它是由种族问题引起的。但Kagari表示那时就形成了冲突引爆点。她提到南苏丹的人权委员会今年年初表示，种族冲突是不容忽视的。

“Certainly when we went on the ground that seemed to be the primary motivation for killing. So people were being killed on the basis that they were either Nuer or Dinka or Shilluk. And the political affiliation¹⁴ had certainly become secondary and that would have been a shift maybe as opposed to when the conflict first started in December,” Kagari said.

“当然，在我们判断杀戮主要动机的背景时，发现被杀的人要么是努尔人要么是丁卡人或施路卡人。政治派别显然就成了第二大因素，在12月冲突刚爆发时可以改变形式，” Kagari表示。

The Amnesty International report said that civilians are frightened and traumatized.

国际特赦组织的报告表明，南苏丹的民众受到了惊吓和精神创伤。

Kagari said, “We had one civilian² tell us that South Sudan is destroyed. There’s nothing left. Everything they have has been destroyed, which is another war crime. There’s been deliberate looting and razing¹⁵ of villages. And the looting has been so widespread. One person told us that she left in advance of the pro-government forces and when she went back her house was completely cleaned. And this was pretty similar with everywhere else in that neighborhood.”

Kagari表示：“一个南苏丹人告诉我们，南苏丹被彻底摧毁了，什么也没留下。他们所有的东西都被毁掉了。这属于另一种战争罪行。有人故意掠夺村庄的财物，并把村庄夷为平地。掠夺在这里很常见。另一位居民告诉我们，她在进政府武装到来前离开家，当她回来时，家里设么都没有了。其他人家也是这种情况。”

U.N. compounds are sheltering only a small number of South Sudan’s displaced. If they leave those areas, they are subject to attack and gang rape. Kagari said UNMISS forces lack the capacity to protect civilians just outside compound walls.

联合国难民所只收留了小部分无家可归的南苏丹人。如果他们离开，他们就会遭到袭击或轮奸。Kagari说，南苏丹军队没有能力保护难民所以外的南苏丹人。

“We would like UNMISS’ mandate¹⁶ to change so that there’s much stronger focus on protection of civilians. And we would also like the Security Council resolution that was passed in December to be fully¹⁷ enforced so that UNMISS has the capacity to ensure protection of civilians.”

“我们希望南苏丹军队可以被授权改变这种情况，这样他们就可以集中力量保护民众了。我们还希望安理会的决议可以在12月份通过，并得到强有力地实施，这样南苏丹军队就有能力确保民众安全了。”

Most of the hundreds of thousands of displaced South Sudanese are in the countryside.

南苏丹有成千上万无家可归的人，其中大多数都住在农村。

“They are not able to plant. Now, if they are not able to plant – they are not able to get their foods in – really we’re looking at famine being inevitable¹⁸ if they are not able to plant by the end of this month,” she said.

Kagari说：“如果他们不能耕种，她们就没有食物。如果这月底还不能耕种的话，饥荒就不可避免了。”

The rainy season is making many roads impassable, meaning food truck convoys¹⁹ cannot reach those in need.

雨季许多道路都无法通行，这就意味着运送食物的车队不能给他们送食物了。

She said both the African Union and U.N. should investigate and document cases of potential war crimes. But evidence may be washing away.

她希望非洲联盟和联合国都应调查并记载潜在战争罪行。但是证据可能会被大水冲走。

“We are concerned that with the rains evidence of these crimes is being lost. We already found that a number of sites where there had been mass killings²⁰ bodies had already been buried and the evidence is already being lost. So, we are really concerned that investigations²¹ should be expedited in order to ensure that there is accountability for these crimes,” said Kagari.

Kagari 表示“我们考虑到由于大雨，这些犯罪证据可能丢失。我们已经发现许多堆积尸体的地方已经被焚毁，证据也就没了。因此，我们非常希望可以加快调查速度，这样就可以确保罪犯对他们的行为负责。”

Amnesty International said, “All parties to the conflict must immediately cease all violations²² of international human rights and humanitarian²³ law – and allow unfettered access for humanitarian assistance to those in need.”

国际特赦组织表示：“所有参与冲突的政党必须立即停止一切违反国际人权和人道主义法的行为，并为需要帮助的人无条件提供人道主义支持”

1 atrocities   

n.邪恶，暴行( atrocity的名词复数 )；滔天大罪

参考例句：

• They were guilty of the most barbarous and inhuman atrocities. 他们犯有最野蛮、最灭绝人性的残暴罪行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The enemy's atrocities made one boil with anger. 敌人的暴行令人发指。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

3 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

4 ethnically   

adv.人种上，民族上

参考例句：

• Ethnically, the Yuan Empire comprised most of modern China's ethnic groups. 元朝的民族成分包括现今中国绝大多数民族。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• Russia is ethnically relatively homogeneous. 俄罗斯是个民族成分相对单一的国家。 来自辞典例句

5 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

6 deliberately   

adv.审慎地；蓄意地；故意地

参考例句：

• The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
• They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。

7 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

8 rape   

n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸

参考例句：

• The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
• He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。

9 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

10 havens   

n.港口，安全地方( haven的名词复数 )v.港口，安全地方( haven的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Your twenty havens would back out at the last minute anyhow. 你那二十个避难所到了最后一分钟也要不认帐。 来自辞典例句
• Using offshore havens to avoid taxes and investor protections. 使用海面的港口避免税和投资者保护。 来自互联网

11 sanctuaries   

n.避难所( sanctuary的名词复数 )；庇护；圣所；庇护所

参考例句：

• The designation of special marine reserves and marine sanctuaries shall be subject to the State Council for approval. 海洋特别保护区、海上自然保护区的确定，须经国务院批准。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• After 1965 he acquiesced when they established sanctuaries on that soil. 1965年以后，他默认了他们在那块土地上建立庇护所。 来自辞典例句

12 whatsoever   

adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么

参考例句：

• There's no reason whatsoever to turn down this suggestion.没有任何理由拒绝这个建议。
• All things whatsoever ye would that men should do to you,do ye even so to them.你想别人对你怎样，你就怎样对人。

13 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

14 affiliation   

n.联系，联合

参考例句：

• There is no affiliation between our organization and theirs,even though our names are similar.尽管两个组织的名称相似，但我们之间并没有关系。
• The kidnappers had no affiliation with any militant group.这些绑架者与任何军事组织都没有紧密联系。

15 razing   

v.彻底摧毁，将…夷为平地( raze的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• Years of war culminated in nothing less than a brutal razing of the city. 经年的战争给这座城市带来的不亚于灭顶之灾。 来自互联网

16 mandate   

n.托管地；命令，指示

参考例句：

• The President had a clear mandate to end the war.总统得到明确的授权结束那场战争。
• The General Election gave him no such mandate.大选并未授予他这种权力。

17 fully   

adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地

参考例句：

• The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
• They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

18 inevitable   

adj.不可避免的，必然发生的

参考例句：

• Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
• The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

19 convoys   

n.（有护航的）船队( convoy的名词复数 )；车队；护航（队）；护送队

参考例句：

• Truck convoys often stop over for lunch here. 车队经常在这里停下来吃午饭。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A UN official said aid programs will be suspended until there's adequate protection for relief convoys. 一名联合国官员说将会暂停援助项目，直到援助车队能够得到充分的保护为止。 来自辞典例句

20 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

21 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

22 violations   

违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸

参考例句：

• This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
• These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

23 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。