VOA常速英语2017--南苏丹形势不利于人道主义援助

The people of South Sudan are experiencing the world's worst food security crisis, one caused not by drought or flood, but by man-made conflict: a power struggle between President Salva Kiir and former Vice¹ President Riek Machar that spiraled into a civil war in late 2013.

南苏丹人民正在经历世界最严酷的粮食安全危机，而这场危机并非由旱灾亦或洪灾引起，而是由人为的冲突引起：总统萨尔瓦 基尔和前副总统里克 马查尔之间的权力争斗引起，这场权力争斗于2013年末演变为内战。

Famine was declared in part of South Sudan in early 2017, but with quick action on the part of the international community, including the United States, famine was alleviated² four months later. However, the overall food security situation in South Sudan remains³ dire⁴ with more than half the current population—6 million people—facing life-threatening hunger this year.

2017年初，南苏丹部分地区宣布陷入饥荒，但在包括美国在内的国际社会的快速行动之下，饥荒在4个月之后就得到了缓解。然而，南苏丹的整体粮食安全状况依然严峻，有半数以上的人口——600万人——今年遭受着威胁生命的饥饿。

The United States is the biggest donor⁵ to the massive humanitarian⁶ effort in South Sudan. Since 2013, we have contributed nearly 2.7 billion dollars in humanitarian assistance for the South Sudanese people, including those who have fled to neighboring countries. 729 million dollars has been provided in 2017 alone.

美国是南苏丹大规模人道主义援助工作的最大捐献国。自2013年以来，我们已经为南苏丹人民贡献了近27亿美元的人道主义援助，其中包括为那些已经逃亡邻国的南苏丹人民。仅2017年一年，就捐献了7.29亿美元。

In South Sudan, one of the biggest obstacles to delivering emergency aid is gaining access to those in need in one of the most difficult and expensive countries in which to deliver assistance.

向南苏丹提供应急援助的最大障碍之一就是，向南苏丹这个国家提供援助难度很大、成本很高，援助很难抵达有需要的人。

South Sudan is also the most dangerous country in the world for aid workers. Since the conflict began in December 2013, 85 aid workers have been killed. According to the United Nations, nearly 630 incidents hindering humanitarian access occurred between January and July of this year. Some 36 percent of them involved violence against humanitarian personnel, assets, or civilian⁷ infrastructure⁸. So far this year, 27 security incidents have forced around 300 relief workers to relocate from areas of operation. At the same time, humanitarian aid organizations have complained that their movements are often restricted, often by the government.

南苏丹也是对全球援助工作者来说最为危险的国家。自冲突于2013年12月开始以来，已有85名援助工作者遇难。根据联合国的数据，今年1月-7月期间，近630起阻碍人道主义援助抵达的事件发生。其中有36%的事件存在对人道主义工作者、资产、民用基础设施实施暴力的行为。今年到目前为止，已有27起安全事件发生，这些事件迫使近300名救灾工作人员从其行动区域内撤离。与此同时，人道主义援助机构对其行动经常受到限制（尤其是政府的限制）而颇有微词。

During a visit to South Sudan on September 2, USAID Administrator⁹ Mark Green said: While it is true that we support the people of South Sudan, it is just as true that the situation has deteriorated¹⁰ to the point where a serious re-examination of U.S. policy is appropriate.

在9月2日出访南苏丹期间，美国国际开发署负责人马克 格林表示，虽然我们确实支持南苏丹人民，但南苏丹的形势也确实恶化到了一定程度，让美国不得不重新检视自己的政策是否依然合适。

We urge President Kiir and his Government to both acknowledge and address the worsening humanitarian crisis in South Sudan, restore a permanent ceasefire by ceasing ongoing¹¹ military offensives; end obstruction¹² of humanitarian access; eliminate exorbitant¹³ fees levied¹⁴ on aid organizations; and engage in a meaningful, inclusive peace process.

我们敦促基尔总统及其政府正视并应对南苏丹人道主义危机加重的情况，通过停止现行的军事挑衅行为来恢复永久性停火，结束人道主义援助施行受到阻碍的问题，减少对人道主义组织收取的过高费用，加入到集意义与包容性于一身的和平进程中。

1 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

2 alleviated   

减轻，缓解，缓和( alleviate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• It is always completely alleviated by total gastrectomy. 全胃切除永远完全缓解症状。
• Toxicity problem in manufacturing and storage might be alleviated by coating beryllium with aluminum. 但如果用铝包覆铍，则可避免加工过程中及储存期间的中毒问题。

3 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

4 dire   

adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的

参考例句：

• There were dire warnings about the dangers of watching too much TV.曾经有人就看电视太多的危害性提出严重警告。
• We were indeed in dire straits.But we pulled through.那时我们的困难真是大极了，但是我们渡过了困难。

5 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

6 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

7 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

8 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

9 administrator   

n.经营管理者，行政官员

参考例句：

• The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
• He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。

10 deteriorated   

恶化，变坏( deteriorate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Her health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards. 她的健康状况急剧恶化，不久便去世了。
• His condition steadily deteriorated. 他的病情恶化，日甚一日。

11 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

12 obstruction   

n.阻塞，堵塞；障碍物

参考例句：

• She was charged with obstruction of a police officer in the execution of his duty.她被指控妨碍警察执行任务。
• The road was cleared from obstruction.那条路已被清除了障碍。

13 exorbitant   

adj.过分的；过度的

参考例句：

• More competition should help to drive down exorbitant phone charges.更多的竞争有助于降低目前畸高的电话收费。
• The price of food here is exorbitant. 这儿的食物价格太高。

14 levied   

征（兵）( levy的过去式和过去分词 )； 索取； 发动（战争）； 征税

参考例句：

• Taxes should be levied more on the rich than on the poor. 向富人征收的税应该比穷人的多。
• Heavy fines were levied on motoring offenders. 违规驾车者会遭到重罚。