VOA常速英语2019--移民的生活五味杂陈

Moscow is one of the world’s most vibrant¹ capitals despite an economic slowdown, a devalue rouble and general stagnation². The lure³ of money to be made keeps migrants coming. Most come from Central Asia, primarily Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan laborers⁵ tend to have menial jobs, as cleaners or in construction, although some work in the arts. Adkham arrived in Moscow two years ago. An artist, he wanted to launch his career, but reality has been difficult, he said. He makes less money here than he did in his homeland, and he finds himself having to work odd jobs in construction, sharing a tiny room with other migrants, an hour by train from central Moscow. I dreamed of coming to Moscow to sell my works here, but I did not realize that half of the people in Moscow are painters. I came when the economic crisis was starting. I was out of luck in my country. My daughter died, and against Muslim tradition, she was buried without me being present. I sent whatever money I could, not much.

莫斯科是世界上最有活力的首都之一，虽然莫斯科遭遇了经济下滑、卢布贬值、经济普遍停滞的问题。金钱的诱惑让移民持续涌入。大多数移民都来自中亚，主要是乌兹别克斯坦。乌兹别克斯坦的劳工们找的都是低贱的工作，如清洁工或者建筑工人，不过也有一些是从事艺术领域的。Adkham两年前来到俄罗斯。作为一名艺术家的他希望能在这里创建自己的事业，但现实很骨感，他如是说道。他赚的没有在老家多，最后不得不在工地做零工，要跟其他移民合租一间小屋，居住地离莫斯科中心有一小时的火车车程。我曾梦想来到莫斯科出售自己的作品，但我没想到莫斯科半数的人都是画家。我来的时候正赶上经济危机伊始。我在老家走了霉运——女儿死了，而且她下葬的时候我不在身边，这不符合穆斯林的传统。我把钱都尽可能寄回家，虽然很微薄。

Shakhnoza, also from Uzbekistan, is like most migrants in Moscow. She came to work and build her savings⁶. I have no dream in Moscow. It’s not my motherland. I came here to earn money. I first worked in a Four Star hotel. At first, everything went well, but then a new manager arrived, she treated me very badly. Her attitude toward me was inhuman⁷. I can’t talk about that. It is actually so tough to speak about that. Having a higher education and to listen to such words, well, that is very painful.

Shakhnoza也来自乌兹别克斯坦，他跟莫斯科的大多数移民一样，也是来务工攒钱的。我来莫斯科不是为了追梦。这里不是我的故乡。我来这儿是为了赚钱。我先是在一家四星级酒店工作。起初，一切都很顺利，但后来一位新来的经理对我很不友好。他对我的态度很不人道。说起来都是泪，我难以启齿。让一个受过高等教育的人听她说那些话是不堪入耳的。

The migrants hold jobs most Russians do not want. Observers say competition for low-paying jobs drives down wages and makes matters worse. It turns out that an inflow of migration⁸ reduces an income of the local residents as well as reduces their options of choosing jobs, and that naturally triggers annoyance⁹ among local residents in the low segments of the market labor⁴. Immigrants from Africa and Latin America generally have different circumstances. They are often young students who come with scholarships. Navigating¹⁰ a difficult bureaucracy, some find ways to stay. For the Nigerian people, the most important thing is education, because we know that the more knowledgeable¹¹ we are, the better our environment becomes. We Nigerians practically go to every part of the world, including Russia. Whether it be for school or in search of a better life, Russia continues to draw those willing to deal with Russia’s bureaucracy which some say is as harsh as its climate.

这些移民找到的工作都是大多数俄罗斯不想做的。有观察家表示，低薪工资的竞争导致工资越来越低，情况愈发恶化。最后，移民的涌入导致当地居民的工资也降低，对工作的选择也大大减少。而这自然就让当地居民对市场上拿着低薪的劳动力充满了厌恶。来自非洲和拉美的移民情况有所不同。他们一般都是学生，还自带奖学金。在艰难的官僚机构中，一些人找到了留下来的办法。对于尼日利亚人来说，最重要的事情就是受教育，因为我们知道自己掌握的知识越多，我们的生活环境才能越好。我们尼日利亚人遍布世界各地，包括俄罗斯。无论是求学还是为了寻求更好的生活，俄罗斯都在持续吸引着愿意与官僚作为周旋的人，虽然一些人说这里的官僚作风跟气候一样恶劣。

1 vibrant   

adj.震颤的，响亮的，充满活力的，精力充沛的，(色彩)鲜明的

参考例句：

• He always uses vibrant colours in his paintings. 他在画中总是使用鲜明的色彩。
• She gave a vibrant performance in the leading role in the school play.她在学校表演中生气盎然地扮演了主角。

2 stagnation   

n. 停滞

参考例句：

• Poor economic policies led to a long period of stagnation and decline. 糟糕的经济政策道致了长时间的经济萧条和下滑。
• Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative. 运动是绝对的，而静止是相对的。

3 lure   

n.吸引人的东西，诱惑物；vt.引诱，吸引

参考例句：

• Life in big cities is a lure for many country boys.大城市的生活吸引着许多乡下小伙子。
• He couldn't resist the lure of money.他不能抵制金钱的诱惑。

4 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

5 laborers   

n.体力劳动者，工人( laborer的名词复数 )；（熟练工人的）辅助工

参考例句：

• Laborers were trained to handle 50-ton compactors and giant cranes. 工人们接受操作五十吨压土机和巨型起重机的训练。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• Wage-labour rests exclusively on competition between the laborers. 雇佣劳动完全是建立在工人的自相竞争之上的。 来自英汉非文学 - 共产党宣言

6 savings   

n.存款，储蓄

参考例句：

• I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假，那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
• By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时，他的存款已全部用完。

7 inhuman   

adj.残忍的，不人道的，无人性的

参考例句：

• We must unite the workers in fighting against inhuman conditions.我们必须使工人们团结起来反对那些难以忍受的工作条件。
• It was inhuman to refuse him permission to see his wife.不容许他去看自己的妻子是太不近人情了。

8 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

9 annoyance   

n.恼怒，生气，烦恼

参考例句：

• Why do you always take your annoyance out on me?为什么你不高兴时总是对我出气？
• I felt annoyance at being teased.我恼恨别人取笑我。

10 navigating   

v.给（船舶、飞机等）引航，导航( navigate的现在分词 )；（从海上、空中等）横越；横渡；飞跃

参考例句：

• These can also be very useful when navigating time-based documents, such as video and audio. 它对于和时间有关的文档非常有用，比如视频和音频文档。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• Vehicles slowed to a crawl on city roads, navigating slushy snow. 汽车在市区路上行驶缓慢，穿越泥泞的雪地。 来自互联网

11 knowledgeable   

adj.知识渊博的；有见识的

参考例句：

• He's quite knowledgeable about the theatre.他对戏剧很有心得。
• He made some knowledgeable remarks at the meeting.他在会上的发言颇有见地。