2020年经济学人 欧盟贸易(2)

The American government may roll its eyes at the talk of a tougher EU trade regime.

美国政府可能会对更严格的欧盟贸易制度不屑一顾。

Some in America could accuse the bloc¹ of being too timid about using tariffs³ to get its own way with trading partners,

美国一些人可能会指责欧盟在利用关税为所欲为方便太过胆小，

and too weak to overcome the protectionist instincts of its member states.

在对抗其成员国的保护主义本能方面又太过软弱。

They ask why, if the EU is so concerned about the demise⁴ of the WTO's dispute-settlement system,

他们问道，如果欧盟如此关心WTO争端解决机制的终止，

it ignored America's complaints about it for so long?

那么为什么长久以来，它又对美国的抱怨置之不理呢？

Where, they ask, was the EU while America was filing WTO disputes against China? Tough talk is cheap, results will require action.

他们问道，当美国向世贸组织投诉中国时，欧盟在哪呢？讲出强硬的言辞很容易，但要达成结果需要行动。

Mr Hogan's first priority is to add muscle to the EU's defences.

霍根的首要任务是增强欧盟的防御力量。

From May 1st he will oversee⁵ a new "chief trade-enforcement officer",

从5月1日起，他将监督一个新的“首席贸易执法官员”，

as well as new enforcement unit dedicated⁶ to making sure that existing trade deals are implemented⁷ properly.

以及一个新的执法部门，该部门致力于确保现有的贸易协定得到正确执行。

The European Commission is proposing new rules that would sharpen the EU's teeth,

欧盟委员会正在提议新的规则，以加强欧盟的利齿，

including an amendment⁸ to enforcement regulations that would allow tariffs against other governments

包括一项针对执行条例的修正案，该法案允许对阻碍WTO争端解决机制的

blocking the WTO's dispute-settlement system. On the topic of the WTO's appellate body,

其他政府征收关税。在世贸组织上诉机构的议题上，

Mr Hogan acknowledges some of the American concerns,

霍根承认了美国的一些担忧，

but adds that he would love to see detailed⁹ proposals for solutions to the problems from the Trump¹⁰ administration.

但他补充道，他希望看到特朗普政府就这些问题提出详细的解决方案。

Whether he can maintain stable trade relations with America is another matter.

他是否可以维系与美国的稳定贸易关系又是另外一回事了。

He raised hackles in September after an interview in which he promised to teach Mr Trump "the error of his ways".

去年9月份，他在一次采访后引起了愤怒，在采访中，他承诺要教特朗普“改正自己的错误”。

Then in a meeting in January he seems to have clashed with Robert Lighthizer, the United States Trade Representative.

然后在1月份的会议上，他似乎又和美国贸易代表罗伯特·莱特希泽起了冲突。

If he tries to bring more assertiveness¹¹ into the EU's side of the transatlantic relationship it could end badly.

如果他想在跨大西洋关系中给欧盟一方增添更多自信，结果可能会很糟糕。

Stephen Vaughn, an ex-colleague of Mr Lighthizer, warns that attempts to play hardball "could backfire".

莱特希泽的前同事斯蒂芬·沃恩警告称采取强硬手段的企图“可能适得其反”。

The Americans want, above all, broad access to the EU's agricultural market—

最重要的是，美国人想要获得欧盟农业市场的广泛准入，

more than the lobsters¹², scallops and nuts that are on offer. (Seafood technically¹³ counts as an industrial product.)

而不仅仅是龙虾、扇贝和坚果。（从学术上讲，海鲜算是一种工业产品。）

But as Mr Hogan knows well from his previous job,

但霍根从他的前一份工作中所深知

anything much broader than dismantling¹⁴ a few non-tariff² agricultural barriers is unpalatable to member states.

任何比拆除一些非关税农业壁垒范围更广的举措，都不会让成员国满意。

He remains¹⁵ upbeat about the transatlantic relationship.

他仍然对大西洋两岸的关系持乐观态度。

"I think that we're in a better place now than we were some months ago," he says.

他表示，“我认为我们现在的处境比几个月前好多了。”

On February 14th a tariff announcement related to a dispute over aircraft subsidies¹⁶ was milder than expected.

2月14日，一项与飞机补贴争端相关的关税公告比预期的要温和。

A reduction in car tariffs could be on the table, he adds, if member states agree.

他补充到，如果成员国同意，降低汽车关税或许能够成为可能。

His challenge is not just to get trade partners to play by the rules. It is to get his own side on board, too.

他的挑战不仅在于要让贸易伙伴遵守规则，他所在的那一方也要支持他。

1 bloc   

n.集团；联盟

参考例句：

• A solid bloc of union members support the decision.工会会员团结起来支持该决定。
• There have been growing tensions within the trading bloc.贸易同盟国的关系越来越紧张。

2 tariff   

n.关税，税率；(旅馆、饭店等)价目表，收费表

参考例句：

• There is a very high tariff on jewelry.宝石类的关税率很高。
• The government is going to lower the tariff on importing cars.政府打算降低进口汽车的关税。

3 tariffs   

关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准

参考例句：

• British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
• The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。

4 demise   

n.死亡；v.让渡，遗赠，转让

参考例句：

• He praised the union's aims but predicted its early demise.他赞扬协会的目标，但预期这一协会很快会消亡。
• The war brought about the industry's sudden demise.战争道致这个行业就这么突然垮了。

5 oversee   

vt.监督，管理

参考例句：

• Soldiers oversee the food handouts.士兵们看管着救济食品。
• Use a surveyor or architect to oversee and inspect the different stages of the work.请一位房产检视员或建筑师来监督并检查不同阶段的工作。

6 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。

7 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

8 amendment   

n.改正，修正，改善，修正案

参考例句：

• The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
• The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。

9 detailed   

adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的

参考例句：

• He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
• A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

10 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

11 assertiveness   

n.过分自信

参考例句：

• Her assertiveness was starting to be seen as arrogance. 她的自信已开始被认为是自负了。
• Role playing is an important element in assertiveness training. 在果敢自信训练班上，角色扮演是个重要内容。

12 lobsters   

龙虾( lobster的名词复数 )； 龙虾肉

参考例句：

• I have no idea about how to prepare those cuttlefish and lobsters. 我对如何烹调那些乌贼和龙虾毫无概念。
• She sold me a couple of live lobsters. 她卖了几只活龙虾给我。

13 technically   

adv.专门地，技术上地

参考例句：

• Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。
• The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。

14 dismantling   

（枪支）分解

参考例句：

• The new government set about dismantling their predecessors' legislation. 新政府正着手废除其前任所制定的法律。
• The dismantling of a nuclear reprocessing plant caused a leak of radioactivity yesterday. 昨天拆除核后处理工厂引起了放射物泄漏。

15 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

16 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》