2020年经济学人 一周要闻 德国斥90亿欧元救汉莎 赫兹申请破产保护 优步在印度裁员

The world this week

世界国际要闻

Business

经济

The German government offered to bail¹ out Lufthansa, with an equity² injection of 6bn euros ($6.6bn) and loans worth 3bn euros. The government, which would own a fifth of the airline, will nominate two people to sit on the company’s board. The board, however, initially³ refused to back the deal, after the EU required Lufthansa to give up slots at Frankfurt and Munich airports. Ryanair, Europe’s biggest discount carrier, said it would appeal against the bail-out (it is also protesting against the rescue of Air France-klm), arguing that it would “strengthen Lufthansa’s monopoly-like grip on the German air travel market”.

德国政府提出向汉莎航空提供60亿欧元(合66亿美元)的股本注资和价值30亿欧元的贷款，以帮助其摆脱困境。政府将拥有该航空公司五分之一的股份，并将提名两名人士进入该公司董事会。然而，在欧盟要求汉莎航空放弃法兰克福和慕尼黑机场的位置后，董事会最初拒绝支持该交易。欧洲最大的折扣航空公司瑞安航空表示，将对救助计划提出上诉(它也在抗议对法航-荷航的救助)，称这将“加强汉莎航空对德国航空旅行市场的垄断性控制”。

In France the government said it would supply 8bn euros ($8.8bn) in aid to the country’s carmakers. Emmanuel Macron, the French president, hopes the money will “transform” the industry, providing incentives⁵ to produce electric and hybrid⁶ vehicles and increasing subsidies⁷ to motorists who buy greener cars. Some said the deal was merely old-fashioned dirigisme. The government is also finalising a separate 5bn euros loan for Renault.

法国政府表示，将向该国汽车制造商提供80亿欧元(合88亿美元)的援助。法国总统马克龙希望这笔资金能“改变”汽车业，鼓励生产电动和混合动力汽车，并增加对购买环保汽车的车主的补贴。一些人说，该协议只是过时的政府干预方式。政府还将敲定另一笔向雷诺提供的50亿欧元贷款。

Aston Martin shook up its management team, and said Andy Palmer had agreed to step down as chief executive. The British maker⁴ of sports cars had a disappointing IPO in 2018; its share price has fallen by 90% since then. The changes in leadership were driven by Lawrence Stroll, a businessman and part-owner of a Formula One racing⁸ team, who put together a consortium to rescue Aston Martin earlier this year, becoming its chairman. The new CEO will be Tobias Moers, who is currently in charge of Mercedes-AMG. He starts his new job in August.

阿斯顿马丁公司改组了管理团队，并表示安迪·帕尔默已经同意辞去首席执行官一职。这家英国跑车制造商在2018年的IPO令人失望；自那以后，它的股价已经下跌了90%。领导层的变动是由劳伦斯·斯特(Lawrence Stroll)推动的。他是一位商人，也是一级方程式车队的部分所有者，今年早些时候，他组建了一个财团来拯救阿斯顿·马丁(Aston Martin)，并成为该公司的董事长。新任首席执行官将是目前负责梅赛德斯-奔驰的托拜厄斯·摩尔斯。他在八月开始接受新工作。

The pandemic claimed another high-profile business failure, when Hertz filed for bankruptcy⁹ protection in America. The car-hire company, which also owns the Dollar and Thrifty¹⁰ brands, saw its sales collapse¹¹ when business travel and tourism came to a virtual halt. With a debt burden of at least $17bn Hertz had been struggling before the outbreak.

当赫兹公司在美国申请破产保护时，大流行导致了一起引人注目的商业失败案例。当商务旅行和旅游业实际上陷入停顿时，这家拥有美元和节俭品牌的汽车租赁公司的销售急剧下滑。在疫情爆发之前，赫兹公司因背负至少170亿美元的债务而苦苦挣扎。

Uber decided¹² to cut a quarter of its staff in India as part of the restructuring of its business that it recently announced. It is also closing its office in Singapore, as it considers a broader retrenchment¹³ of its ride-hailing services in Asia.

作为最近宣布的业务重组的一部分，优步决定在印度裁减四分之一的员工。该公司还将关闭其位于新加坡的办事处，原因是考虑在亚洲更大规模地缩减叫车服务。

1 bail   

v.舀（水），保释；n.保证金，保释，保释人

参考例句：

• One of the prisoner's friends offered to bail him out.犯人的一个朋友答应保释他出来。
• She has been granted conditional bail.她被准予有条件保释。

2 equity   

n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票

参考例句：

• They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
• To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

3 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

4 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

5 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

6 hybrid   

n.(动，植）杂种，混合物

参考例句：

• That is a hybrid perpetual rose.那是一株杂交的四季开花的蔷薇。
• The hybrid was tall,handsome,and intelligent.那混血儿高大、英俊、又聪明。

7 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

8 racing   

n.竞赛，赛马；adj.竞赛用的，赛马用的

参考例句：

• I was watching the racing on television last night.昨晚我在电视上看赛马。
• The two racing drivers fenced for a chance to gain the lead.两个赛车手伺机竞相领先。

9 bankruptcy   

n.破产；无偿付能力

参考例句：

• You will have to pull in if you want to escape bankruptcy.如果你想避免破产，就必须节省开支。
• His firm is just on thin ice of bankruptcy.他的商号正面临破产的危险。

10 thrifty   

adj.节俭的；兴旺的；健壮的

参考例句：

• Except for smoking and drinking,he is a thrifty man.除了抽烟、喝酒，他是个生活节俭的人。
• She was a thrifty woman and managed to put aside some money every month.她是个很会持家的妇女，每月都设法存些钱。

11 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

12 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

13 retrenchment   

n.节省，删除

参考例句：

• Retrenchment will be necessary. 有必要进行紧缩。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Defense planners predict an extended period of retrenchment. 国防规划人员预计开支紧缩期会延长。 来自辞典例句