2020年经济学人 网络安全(1)

Business

商业版块

Cyber-security

网络安全

The other virus threat

另一种病毒威胁

Japan Inc’s IT needs a security patch

日本公司的信息技术需要安全补丁

Japan has a reputation for technophilia. Robots have even been enlisted¹ to cheer players at professional baseball games while covid-19 keeps fans away from stadiums. Yet when it comes to more humdrum² information technology (IT), the country lags behind other advanced economies— nowhere more so than in cyber-security. Nearly 14m people were still using Windows 7 when Microsoft stopped providing security patches in January, including 7.5m at work.This, the American software giant warned, could make Japan “susceptible to cyber-attacks”.

日本在技术上享有盛名。新冠肺炎疫情期间，球迷们要远离体育场，而机器人们则被征召到职业棒球比赛中为球员加油。然而在信息技术（IT）方面，日本落后于其他发达经济体，在网络安全方面更是如此。日本有近1400万人仍在使用Windows 7，其中包括750万人使用这个系统进行办公，尽管今年1月，微软停止了提供安全补丁，这家美国软件巨头提醒道，这样的情况可能使日本“易受网络攻击”。

In January Mitsubishi Electric and NEC, two electronics giants, admitted to data breaches³. Last month a virus infiltrated⁵ Honda’s internal servers and disrupted the carmaker’s factories in several countries. With more employees teleworking on unsecured devices and networks during the pandemic, cyber-security experts have noticed a spike⁶ in cyber-attacks since March.

今年1月，两大电子巨头三菱电机和日本电气公司承认数据泄露。上个月，一种病毒入侵了本田的内部服务器，扰乱了本田在几个国家的工厂。在疫情期间，越来越多的员工在不安全的设备和网络上进行远程办公，网络安全专家注意到，自3月份以来，网络攻击激增。

Businesses everywhere contend with cyber-criminals. On July 15th scammers hacked⁷ the Twitter accounts of public figures including Joe Biden and Elon Musk⁸. Many big Japanese firms, including Mitsubishi, NEC and Honda, are bolstering⁹ their defences. But many small and medium- sized ones, which make up 99% of Japanese companies, have little or no security systems in place. Hackers¹⁰ can use such weak links in the supply chain to infiltrate⁴ larger corporate¹¹ targets.

世界各地的企业都在与网络犯罪作斗争。7月15日，黑客们入侵了乔·拜登和埃隆·马斯克等公众人物的推特账户。包括三菱、日本电气公司、本田在内的许多日本大型公司正在加强防御。但是在日本，99%的企业是中小型企业，其中有许多企业几乎没有安全系统。黑客们可以利用供应链中的这些薄弱环节入侵到大型企业目标。

1 enlisted   

adj.应募入伍的v.（使）入伍， （使）参军( enlist的过去式和过去分词 )；获得（帮助或支持）

参考例句：

• enlisted men and women 男兵和女兵
• He enlisted with the air force to fight against the enemy. 他应募加入空军对敌作战。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 humdrum   

adj.单调的，乏味的

参考例句：

• Their lives consist of the humdrum activities of everyday existence.他们的生活由日常生存的平凡活动所构成。
• The accountant said it was the most humdrum day that she had ever passed.会计师说这是她所度过的最无聊的一天。

3 breaches   

破坏( breach的名词复数 )； 破裂； 缺口； 违背

参考例句：

• He imposed heavy penalties for breaches of oath or pledges. 他对违反誓言和保证的行为给予严厉的惩罚。
• This renders all breaches of morality before marriage very uncommon. 这样一来，婚前败坏道德的事就少见了。

4 infiltrate   

vt./vi.渗入，透过；浸润

参考例句：

• The teacher tried to infiltrate her ideas into the children's minds.老师设法把她的思想渗透到孩子们的心中。
• It can infiltrate as much as 100 kilometers into enemy territory at night.可以在夜间深入敌领土100千米。

5 infiltrated   

adj.[医]浸润的v.（使）渗透，（指思想）渗入人的心中( infiltrate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The headquarters had been infiltrated by enemy spies. 总部混入了敌方特务。
• Many Chinese idioms have infiltrated into the Japanese language. 许多中国成语浸透到日语中。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

6 spike   

n.长钉，钉鞋；v.以大钉钉牢，使...失效

参考例句：

• The spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
• They'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。

7 hacked   

生气

参考例句：

• I hacked the dead branches off. 我把枯树枝砍掉了。
• I'm really hacked off. 我真是很恼火。

8 musk   

n.麝香, 能发出麝香的各种各样的植物，香猫

参考例句：

• Musk is used for perfume and stimulant.麝香可以用作香料和兴奋剂。
• She scented her clothes with musk.她用麝香使衣服充满了香味。

9 bolstering   

v.支持( bolster的现在分词 )；支撑；给予必要的支持；援助

参考例句：

• Why should Donahue's people concern themselves with bolstering your image? 唐纳休的人为什么要费心维护你的形象？ 来自辞典例句
• He needed bolstering and support. 他需要别人助他一臂之力。 来自辞典例句

10 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网

11 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。