2022年经济学人 意大利总理德拉吉提交辞呈

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The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻--政治

Mario Draghi tendered his resignation as prime minister of Italy, after three of the four main parties in his governing coalition¹ refused to support him in a motion of confidence.

意大利总理马里奥·德拉吉提交了辞呈，此前他领导的执政联盟中的四个主要政党中的三个政党在信任提案中拒绝支持他。

Unless a fresh government can be formed, which looks unlikely, the probable outcome is an early election.

除非能组建一个新的政府(这看起来不太可能)，否则很可能的结果是进行提前选举。

Polls predict that will bring a hard-right alliance to power.

民意调查预测，这将使极右联盟掌权。

The upheaval² imperils the reform package Mr Draghi drew up, which has allowed Italy to access 200bn euros (204bn dollars) from the EU’s covid-recovery fund.

这场动荡危及德拉吉起草的改革方案，该方案已使意大利从欧盟的新冠复苏基金中获得2000亿欧元(合2040亿美元)。

Russia resumed gas supplies to Europe through the Nord Stream 1 pipeline³, albeit⁴ at reduced levels, according to its operator.

据运营商表示，俄罗斯恢复了通过北溪1号管道向欧洲供应天然气，尽管供应水平有所下降。

There had been concerns that Russia would cut off the flow of gas following a ten-day maintenance period.

人们曾担心俄罗斯会在10天的维护期后切断天然气供应。

Earlier, the EU urged member states to reduce their gas use by 15% compared with the five-year average, as it fears Russia may again curb⁵ or suspend supplies.

早些时候，欧盟敦促成员国将天然气使用量比过去五年的平均水平减少15%，因为该组织担心俄罗斯可能会再次限制或暂停供应。

The IMF warned that such an embargo⁶ could cause the economies of the European countries most reliant on Russian gas, such as the Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia, to shrink by around 5%.

国际货币基金组织警告称，这样的禁运可能会导致捷克、匈牙利和斯洛伐克等最依赖俄罗斯天然气的欧洲国家的经济萎缩约5%。

Ukraine’s parliament approved the removal of the prosecutor-general and the head of the security service, amid allegations of collaboration⁷ with Russia among staff at the agencies they oversaw⁸.

乌克兰议会批准罢免总检察长和安全局局长，目前有指控称，他们监管的机构的工作人员与俄罗斯勾结。

Volodymyr Zelensky, the president, said 651 cases of treason were being investigated and that more than 60 people at the agencies had been working with the Russian invaders⁹.

乌克兰总统弗拉基米尔·泽连斯基表示，651起叛国案正在调查中，这些机构有60多人一直在与俄罗斯侵略者合作。

A further 28 officials were suspended from duty.

另有28名官员被停职。

Russia’s foreign minister, Sergei Lavrov, confirmed that Russia’s war aims in Ukraine extend beyond capturing the Donbas region to include “Kherson, Zaporizhzhia and a number of other territories”.

俄罗斯外长谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫证实，俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争目标超出了夺取顿巴斯地区的范围，包括“赫尔松、扎波罗热和其他一些领土”。

America has denounced Russia’s “annexation playbook”, whereby it conducts sham¹⁰ referendums in occupied areas to justify¹¹ their seizure¹².

美国谴责俄罗斯的“吞并剧本”，即在被占领地区进行虚假的公投，以证明他们的占领是正当的。

MPs in Britain’s Conservative Party settled on two candidates to put forward as their new leader, and thus prime minister, following the defenestration of Boris Johnson.

在鲍里斯·约翰逊被赶下台后，英国保守党的议员们选定了两名候选人作为他们的新领袖，也就是首相。

Rishi Sunak, whose resignation as chancellor¹³ of the exchequer¹⁴ helped topple Mr Johnson, and Liz Truss, the foreign secretary, will battle it out among party members, who will vote during August.

财政大臣里希·苏纳克(他的辞职使得约翰逊下台)和外交大臣利兹·特拉斯将在党内展开角逐，党内成员将在8月份投票。

Facing a possible defeat in October’s election, Jair Bolsonaro, Brazil’s right-wing president, cast more doubt on the reliability¹⁵ of the electoral process, once again claiming, without any evidence, that the country’s voting system is vulnerable to fraud.

巴西右翼总统雅伊尔·博索纳罗在10月的选举中可能会失败，他对选举过程的可靠性提出了更多质疑，在没有任何证据的情况下再次声称，该国的投票系统容易出现舞弊。

Mr Bolsonaro said that the army should participate in the process to guarantee safe elections.

博索纳罗表示，军队应该参与选举过程，以确保选举的安全。

He is trailing his opponent, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, by double-digit margins¹⁶ in the polls.

他在民调中以两位数的差距落后于他的对手路易斯·伊纳西奥·卢拉·达席尔瓦。

1 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

2 upheaval   

n.胀起，(地壳)的隆起；剧变，动乱

参考例句：

• It was faced with the greatest social upheaval since World War Ⅱ.它面临第二次世界大战以来最大的社会动乱。
• The country has been thrown into an upheaval.这个国家已经陷入动乱之中。

3 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

4 albeit   

conj.即使；纵使；虽然

参考例句：

• Albeit fictional,she seemed to have resolved the problem.虽然是虚构的，但是在她看来好象是解决了问题。
• Albeit he has failed twice,he is not discouraged.虽然失败了两次，但他并没有气馁。

5 curb   

n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制

参考例句：

• I could not curb my anger.我按捺不住我的愤怒。
• You must curb your daughter when you are in church.你在教堂时必须管住你的女儿。

6 embargo   

n.禁运（令）；vt.对...实行禁运，禁止（通商）

参考例句：

• This country put an oil embargo on an enemy country.该国对敌国实行石油禁运。
• During the war,they laid an embargo on commerce with enemy countries.在战争期间，他们禁止与敌国通商。

7 collaboration   

n.合作，协作；勾结

参考例句：

• The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
• He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。

8 oversaw   

v.监督，监视( oversee的过去式 )

参考例句：

• He will go down as the president who oversaw two historic transitions. 他将作为见证了巴西两次历史性转变的总统，安然引退。 来自互联网
• Dixon oversaw the project as creative director of Design Research Studio. 狄克逊监督项目的创意总监设计研究工作室。 来自互联网

9 invaders   

入侵者，侵略者，侵入物( invader的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They prepared to repel the invaders. 他们准备赶走侵略军。
• The family has traced its ancestry to the Norman invaders. 这个家族将自己的世系追溯到诺曼征服者。

10 sham   

n./adj.假冒(的)，虚伪(的)

参考例句：

• They cunningly played the game of sham peace.他们狡滑地玩弄假和平的把戏。
• His love was a mere sham.他的爱情是虚假的。

11 justify   

vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护

参考例句：

• He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
• Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

12 seizure   

n.没收；占有；抵押

参考例句：

• The seizure of contraband is made by customs.那些走私品是被海关没收的。
• The courts ordered the seizure of all her property.法院下令查封她所有的财产。

13 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

14 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

15 reliability   

n.可靠性，确实性

参考例句：

• We mustn't presume too much upon the reliability of such sources.我们不应过分指望这类消息来源的可靠性。
• I can assure you of the reliability of the information.我向你保证这消息可靠。

16 margins   

边( margin的名词复数 )； 利润； 页边空白； 差数

参考例句：

• They have always had to make do with relatively small profit margins. 他们不得不经常设法应付较少的利润额。
• To create more space between the navigation items, add left and right margins to the links. 在每个项目间留更多的空隙，加左或者右的margins来定义链接。