2022年经济学人 英国通货膨胀率上升至9.4% 英国央行加息压力增大

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The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

Britain’s annual rate of inflation rose to 9.4% in June, from 9.1% in May.

英国6月份的年通货膨胀率从5月份的9.1%上升到9.4%。

Motor-fuel prices were up by 42%, the highest rate since the current series of data began in 1989, the cost of food increased by nearly 10% and clothing by 6%.

汽车燃料价格上涨了42%，这是自1989年开始这一系列数据以来的最高涨幅，食品价格上涨了近10%，服装价格上涨了6%。

The price of second-hand¹ cars, a big contributor to inflation a year ago, continued to fall.

作为一年前通胀的一大推手，二手车的价格继续下跌。

The figures add pressure on the Bank of England to bring in bigger increases to interest rates.

这些数据增加了英国中央银行推行大幅加息的压力。

Andrew Bailey, the bank’s governor, said a rise of half a percentage point was “on the table” for its next meeting on August 4th.

英国央行行长安德鲁·贝利表示，在8月4日的下一次会议上，加息0.5个百分点是“可以讨论的”。

The London Stock Exchange saw its biggest stockmarket debut² in a decade.

伦敦证券交易所迎来了十年来最大规模的股市首秀。

Haleon, a spin-off from GlaxoSmithKline, began trading with a market capitalisation of ￡30.5bn ($36.4bn).

从葛兰素史克公司分拆出来的赫力昂公司上市时的市值为305亿英镑(合364亿美元)。

It is a rare example of a significant listing in London.

这是在伦敦进行大规模上市的罕见案例。

In recent years the LSE has struggled to attract new entrants and compete with the listing sprees in Hong Kong and New York.

近年来，伦敦证交所一直难以吸引新入市者，也难以与香港和纽约的上市热潮竞争。

House sales in America fell sharply again in June, according to the National Association of Realtors (the tally³ excludes newly built properties).

根据美国房地产经纪人协会的数据(该数据不包括新建房产)，美国六月份的房屋销售再次急剧下降。

But the median price of a home climbed to a new record of $416,000, suggesting that housing affordability⁴ is not just a problem confined to America’s big cities.

但房价中位数攀升至41.6万美元的新纪录，表明住房负担能力不仅仅是美国大城市的问题。

In the South prices were up by 17%, year on year.

在美国南方，房价同比上涨17%。

Mortgage rates are rising; the average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is around 5.5%, up from 2.9% a year ago.

抵押贷款利率正在上升; 30年期固定利率抵押贷款的平均利率在5.5%左右，高于一年前的2.9%。

Mortgage applications are at their lowest level since 2000.

抵押贷款申请处于2000年以来的最低水平。

Bank of America’s net profit fell by 32% in the second quarter, year on year.

美国银行第二季度净利润同比下降32%。

America’s other big banks—Citigroup, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase and Morgan Stanley—have also reported double-digit drops in profit.

美国其他大型银行--花旗、高盛、摩根大通和摩根士丹利--的利润也出现了两位数的下降。

All reported big declines in revenue from investment banking⁵, but income from trading was up.

所有这些公司都报告称，投资银行业务的营收都出现了大幅下滑，但交易业务的营收有所上升。

Netflix said it lost a net 1m subscribers worldwide in the second quarter, or about 0.5% of its user base.

奈飞表示，第二季度其全球用户净减少了100万，约占其用户基础的0.5%。

The number was less than the 2m it predicted three months ago, when it reported its first drop in customers for a decade, causing its share price to plummet⁶.

这一数字低于三个月前预测的200万，当时该公司报告称，十年来用户首次减少，导致其股价暴跌。

It added users in Asia, but lost 1.3m in the United States and Canada.

该公司在亚洲增加了用户，但在美国和加拿大失去了130万用户。

Revenue grew by 8.6%, year on year, more slowly than in recent quarters and far from the 19.4% growth in the same quarter of 2021.

营收同比增长8.6%，低于最近几个季度的增速，也远低于2021年同期19.4%的增速。

Netflix forecast that growth would slow again in these three months to 4.7%, but it blamed a large part of that on the strength of the dollar, because 60% of its revenues now come from outside America.

奈飞预计这三个月的增长将再次放缓至4.7%，但该公司将此次增长放缓的主要原因归咎于美元走强，因为该公司现在有60%的营收来自美国以外地区。

1 second-hand   

adj.用过的，旧的，二手的

参考例句：

• I got this book by chance at a second-hand bookshop.我赶巧在一家旧书店里买到这本书。
• They will put all these second-hand goods up for sale.他们将把这些旧货全部公开出售。

2 debut   

n.首次演出，初次露面

参考例句：

• That same year he made his Broadway debut, playing a suave radio journalist.在那同一年里，他初次在百老汇登台，扮演一个温文而雅的电台记者。
• The actress made her debut in the new comedy.这位演员在那出新喜剧中首次登台演出。

3 tally   

n.计数器，记分，一致，测量；vt.计算，记录，使一致；vi.计算，记分，一致

参考例句：

• Don't forget to keep a careful tally of what you spend.别忘了仔细记下你的开支账目。
• The facts mentioned in the report tally to every detail.报告中所提到的事实都丝毫不差。

4 affordability   

可购性

参考例句：

• Performance-Based Logistics Affordability: Can We Afford Categorical Conversion to Performance-Based Acquisition? 基于性能的后期的可承受性：能否担负得起向基于性能的采办的无条件的转变？
• There would be no crisis of affordability, as't for food or clothing. 就想食物与服装一样，因为供给没有危机。

5 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

6 plummet   

vi.(价格、水平等)骤然下跌；n.铅坠；重压物

参考例句：

• Mengniu and Yili have seen their shares plummet since the incident broke.自事件发生以来，蒙牛和伊利的股票大幅下跌。
• Even if rice prices were to plummet,other brakes on poverty alleviation remain.就算大米价格下跌，其它阻止导致贫困的因素仍然存在。