PBS高端访谈:叙利亚和土耳其战事升级

Mounting chaos¹ in Northwestern Syria touched off heavy fighting and urgent diplomacy² today, and set a new wave of refugees in motion. Foreign affairs correspondent Nick Schifrin has our report.

NICK SCHIFRIN: On the border that separates Turkey from Syria, the two countries' militaries are hammering each other. Turkey launched multiple attacks against Syrian government forces, in retaliation³ for Syrian airstrikes that killed 33 Turkish soldiers last night.

HULUSI AKAR, Turkish Minister of National Defense⁴ (through translator): Over 200 Syrian regime targets were heavily struck by aircraft, unmanned aerial aircraft and land-based resources immediately following this heinous⁵ attack.

NICK SCHIFRIN: Inside Syria, the Turkish military is siding with Syrian rebels in Idlib against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad and his ally Russia. Nearby, the Turkish military has deployed⁶ to outposts along near the border. Syrian civilians⁷ are forced into refugee camps, where children have little to defend against a new adversary⁸, the cold. These displaced families have spent years fleeing the violence and are hoping to escape to Turkey.

MUSTAFA, Internally Displaced Person (through translator): If the Syrian regime and its Russian and Iranian allies are in charge, then we have no option but to go to Turkey, and, from Turkey, go to Europe.

NICK SCHIFRIN: But, in Turkey, Syrian refugees who have spent months or years sheltering are trying to enter Greece, after Turkey hinted at opening its Western border. Some migrants aren't waiting, boarding dinghies to make the perilous⁹ journey by sea, stoking memories of 2015, when almost a million refugees risked their lives to cross the Mediterranean¹⁰ and seek asylum¹¹ in Europe. To try and reduce tensions, today, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan spoke¹² with Russian President Vladimir Putin. Erdogan also spoke with President Trump¹³. And following an emergency meeting, NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg called on Russia and Syria to stop bombing civilians.

JENS STOLTENBERG, NATO Secretary-General: I call on them to stop their offensive, to respect international law.

NICK SCHIFRIN: The U.S. says it supports the Turkish operation, but the U.S. has not yet provided material support to help end the crisis.

For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Nick Schifrin.

叙利亚西北部的混乱局势升级，导致今天发生了严重的冲突和紧急外交事件，也让一批新的难民动了起来。下面请外事类记者尼克·斯齐弗林发回的报道。

尼克·斯齐弗林：在土耳其与叙利亚的边境线上，两国军队正激烈互捶。土耳其对叙利亚政府军发动了多次袭击，目的是报复昨晚叙利亚的空袭。这次空袭导致33名土耳其士兵死亡。

胡卢西·阿卡尔，土耳其国防部部长（以下内容为译文版）：这场邪恶的攻击刚结束，叙利亚政府的200个多个目标就受到了飞机、无人机、地面军事资源的袭击。

尼克·斯齐弗林：在叙利亚内部，土耳其军队就在伊德利卜省与叙利亚叛军并肩作战，抗击叙利亚总统阿萨德及其盟友俄罗斯。而在附近，土耳其军队在边境附近的前哨也进行了部署。叙利亚平民被迫来到难民营，在这里，孩子们还有一项新的困难要抵御——寒冷。这些流离失所的家庭花费数年时间逃离暴力局势，希望能逃到土耳其。

穆斯塔法，流离失所者（以下内容为译文版）：如果叙利亚政权及其俄罗斯和伊朗盟友掌控局势的话，那我们将别无选择，只能去土耳其，再从土耳其去欧洲。

尼克·斯齐弗林：但在土耳其有一些叙利亚难民已经花费数月乃至数年时间躲避着，他们想要去希腊，因为土耳其已经给了暗示，说要打开西部的边界。一些难民不等了，直接撑着小船通过海陆去往目的地，这样的旅程很危险，让人不禁想起2015年。那时候，近100万难民冒着生命危险跨过了地中海，想要在欧洲寻求庇护。今天，为了缓解紧张局势，土耳其总统埃尔多安跟俄罗斯总统普京谈话。埃尔多安还跟特朗普谈了话。在召开了一次紧急会议后，北约（NATO）秘书长延斯·斯托尔滕贝格呼吁俄罗斯和叙利亚停止轰炸平民。

延斯·斯托尔滕贝格，北约秘书长：我呼吁他们两国停止进攻行为，要尊重国际法。

尼克·斯齐弗林：美国表示自己支持土耳其的行动，但美国尚未就终止这场危机而提供任何实质性的帮助。感谢收听尼克·斯齐弗林发回的《新闻一小时》。

1 chaos   

n.混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
• The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。

2 diplomacy   

n.外交；外交手腕，交际手腕

参考例句：

• The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
• This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。

3 retaliation   

n.报复，反击

参考例句：

• retaliation against UN workers 对联合国工作人员的报复
• He never said a single word in retaliation. 他从未说过一句反击的话。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

5 heinous   

adj.可憎的，十恶不赦的

参考例句：

• They admitted to the most heinous crimes.他们承认了极其恶劣的罪行。
• I do not want to meet that heinous person.我不想见那个十恶不赦的人。

6 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

7 civilians   

平民，百姓( civilian的名词复数 )； 老百姓

参考例句：

• the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
• At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后，至少有300名平民下落不明。

8 adversary   

adj.敌手，对手

参考例句：

• He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
• They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。

9 perilous   

adj.危险的，冒险的

参考例句：

• The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。
• We have been carried in safety through a perilous crisis.历经一连串危机，我们如今已安然无恙。

10 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

11 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

12 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

13 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。