PBS高端访谈:亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆冲突持续

Judy Woodruff: As the war over the ethnic¹ Armenian enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh continues between Armenia and Azerbaijan, the push for a cessation of hostilities² accelerated this week. But that's hard to tell on the ground. With the support of the Pulitzer Center, special correspondent Simon Ostrovsky reports.

朱迪·伍德拉夫：随着亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆之间关于亚美尼亚族飞地纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫的战争仍在继续，本周要求停止敌对行动的努力加快了。但在实际情况下很难判断。在普利策中心的支持下，特派记者西蒙·奥斯特罗夫斯基报道。

Simon Ostrovsky: The fighting here is approaching its fourth week, despite attempts by Moscow to mediate³. Hundreds are dead, thousands displaced, here on the southeastern fringe of Europe. Yesterday, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov made another offer after Armenia and Azerbaijan agreed last week to a cease-fire that did not cease fire.

西蒙·奥斯特罗夫斯基：尽管莫斯科试图调停，但这里的战斗已接近第四周。在欧洲东南部边缘地区，数百人死亡，数千人流离失所。昨天，在亚美尼亚和阿塞拜疆上周同意停火协议后，俄罗斯外长拉夫罗夫又提出了一项没有停火的停火协议。

Sergei Lavrov (through translator): All the agreements that have been discussed lately, which were being taken seriously by the parties, assume the relinquishment⁵ of five districts and peacekeeping troops.

谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫（通过翻译）：最近讨论过的所有协议，各方都认真对待，假设五个地区和维持和平部队被放弃。

Simon Ostrovsky: At issue are seven districts of Azerbaijan that surround the Nagorno-Karabakh region that have been under the control of ethnic-Armenian forces since the first war here between the former Soviet⁶ Republicans ended in 1994, after the USSR dissolved. The de facto authorities in Karabakh have long contended that they need to hold on to these areas in order to retain their link with Armenia and as a security buffer⁷ with Azerbaijan. But that calculation may have changed, as ethnic Armenian forces sustained heavy losses in this new round of fighting that began with an Azerbaijani surprise attack on September 27. The Russian foreign minister said that, under the proposal, the status of Karabakh and control of areas linking it to Armenia would be decided⁸ at a later date.

西蒙·奥斯特罗夫斯基：有争议的是阿塞拜疆围绕纳戈尔诺-卡拉巴赫地区的七个地区，自从苏联解体后，前苏联共和国之间的第一次战争结束以来，这些地区一直处于亚美尼亚族军队的控制之下。卡拉巴赫的事实上的当局长期以来一直主张，他们需要保留这些地区，以便保持与亚美尼亚的联系，并作为与阿塞拜疆的安全缓冲。由于亚美尼亚军队在9月27日开始了新一轮的攻击，亚美尼亚军队在9月27日开始了一轮突然袭击，这一轮战斗发生了变化。俄罗斯外长说，根据这项提议，卡拉巴赫的地位以及与亚美尼亚相连地区的控制权将在晚些时候决定。

Alexander Hagopjanian (through translator): Let me show you guys. Come. I will show you.

亚历山大·哈戈普贾尼安（通过翻译）：让我给你们看看。来吧。我会给你看的。

Simon Ostrovsky: Reactions were mixed in Stepanakert, which sustained a steady stream of bombardment in the first weeks of the conflict, destroying Alexander Hagopjanian's brand-new stoneworks.

西蒙·奥斯特罗夫斯基：斯捷潘纳克特的反应不一，在冲突的头几个星期持续不断的轰炸，摧毁了亚历山大·哈格普贾尼安全新的石工厂。

Alexander Hagopjanian (through translator): It would be reasonable to relinquish⁴ five districts. It would not be reasonable to talk about all seven. We cannot lose our link to mainland Armenia, and there can't be an artificial buffer in between us, like the one that was artificially created by the Soviets⁹.

亚历山大·哈戈普贾尼安（通过翻译）：放弃五个区是合理的。把这七件事都说出来是不合理的。我们不能失去与亚美尼亚大陆的联系，我们之间不可能有一个人为的缓冲区，就像苏联人为制造的那样。

Simon Ostrovsky: As mediation¹⁰ continues behind closed doors within the framework of the so-called Minsk group, chaired by the United States, Russia and France, the leaders of the two warring nations have ratcheted up their public rhetoric¹¹.

西蒙·奥斯特罗夫斯基：在由美国、俄罗斯和法国担任主席的所谓明斯克小组的框架内，调解继续秘密进行，两个交战国家的领导人加强了公开言辞。

Nikol Pashinyan (through translator): At this crucial moment, the Armenian people have only one thing to do, unite, mobilize all the potential we have, halt the enemy with a decisive blow, and achieve a final victory.

尼科尔·帕希尼扬（通过翻译）：在这个关键时刻，亚美尼亚人民只有一件事要做，就是团结起来，调动我们所有的潜力，果断地打击敌人，取得最后的胜利。

Simon Ostrovsky: Meanwhile, Azerbaijan's president confirmed that Turkish F-16 fighter jets were indeed parked in Azerbaijan, but said they were only there for support.

西蒙·奥斯特罗夫斯基：与此同时，阿塞拜疆总统证实，土耳其的F-16战斗机确实停在阿塞拜疆境内，但他表示，这些战斗机只是为了获得支持。

Ilham Aliyev (through translator): Turkish F-16 jets are here. They came here for military exercises. After these exercises, and after the Armenian attacks, they remained here. But they are on the ground, not up in the air, and none of them were used in this war.

伊尔哈姆·阿利耶夫（通过翻译）：土耳其的F-16战斗机来了。他们来这里进行军事演习。在这些演习之后，以及亚美尼亚人的袭击之后，他们仍然留在这里。但它们是在地面上，而不是在空中，而且没有一个在这场战争中使用过。

Simon Ostrovsky: Sounding equally warlike, the man who supplied those fighter jets and mercenaries from Syria, Turkish President Erdogan. He spoke¹² yesterday with Russian President Vladimir Putin, who holds a mutual¹³ defense¹⁴ treaty with Armenia, but also supplies weapons to Azerbaijan, stoking fears the conflict could expand, pitting a NATO member against Russia. For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Simon Ostrovsky in Stepanakert.

西蒙·奥斯特罗夫斯基：听起来同样好战，从叙利亚提供战斗机和雇佣军的人，土耳其总统埃尔多安。他昨天与俄罗斯总统普京进行了交谈，普京与亚美尼亚签署了共同防御条约，但同时也向阿塞拜疆提供武器，加剧了冲突可能扩大的担忧，使北约成员国与俄罗斯对峙。这里是PBS新闻一小时，我是西蒙·奥斯特罗夫斯基，斯捷潘纳克特的报道。

1 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

2 hostilities   

n.战争；敌意(hostility的复数)；敌对状态；战事

参考例句：

• Mexico called for an immediate cessation of hostilities. 墨西哥要求立即停止敌对行动。
• All the old hostilities resurfaced when they met again. 他们再次碰面时，过去的种种敌意又都冒了出来。

3 mediate   

vi.调解，斡旋；vt.经调解解决；经斡旋促成

参考例句：

• The state must mediate the struggle for water resources.政府必须通过调解来解决对水资源的争夺。
• They may be able to mediate between parties with different interests.他们也许能在不同利益政党之间进行斡旋。

4 relinquish   

v.放弃，撤回，让与，放手

参考例句：

• He was forced to relinquish control of the company.他被迫放弃公司的掌控权。
• They will never voluntarily relinquish their independence.他们绝对不会自动放弃独立。

5 relinquishment   

n.放弃；撤回；停止

参考例句：

• One kind of love is called relinquishment. 有一种爱叫做放手。
• Our curriculum trains for the relinquishment of judgment as the necessary condition of salvation. 我们的课程则训练我们把放弃判断作为得救的必需条件。

6 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

7 buffer   

n.起缓冲作用的人(或物)，缓冲器；vt.缓冲

参考例句：

• A little money can be a useful buffer in time of need.在急需时，很少一点钱就能解燃眉之急。
• Romantic love will buffer you against life's hardships.浪漫的爱会减轻生活的艰辛。

8 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

9 soviets   

苏维埃（Soviet的复数形式）

参考例句：

• A public challenge could provoke the Soviets to dig in. 公开挑战会促使苏联人一意孤行。
• The Soviets proposed the withdrawal of American ballistic-missile submarines from forward bases. 苏联人建议把美国的弹道导弹潜艇从前沿基地撤走。

10 mediation   

n.调解

参考例句：

• The dispute was settled by mediation of the third country. 这场争端通过第三国的斡旋而得以解决。
• The dispute was settled by mediation. 经调解使争端得以解决。

11 rhetoric   

n.修辞学，浮夸之言语

参考例句：

• Do you know something about rhetoric?你懂点修辞学吗？
• Behind all the rhetoric,his relations with the army are dangerously poised.在冠冕堂皇的言辞背后，他和军队的关系岌岌可危。

12 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

13 mutual   

adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的

参考例句：

• We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
• Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

14 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。