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柬埔寨教育改革 杜绝考试作弊

Cambodia’s final exam results for 2014 were disastrous¹, with more than half of the 90,000 students failing. The reason? The authorities stamped out cheating - the first of a series of reforms designed to fix the impoverished² country’s broken education sector³.

柬埔寨2014年届的结业考试成绩一塌糊涂，九万名学生中超过半数不及格。原因是当局杜绝考试作弊。这是一系列改革中的第一步，只在消除这个贫困国家的种种教育弊端。

The decision to stamp out cheating had a huge impact. Sixty percent of the class of 2014 failed their final year of school, despite getting a second chance to retake their tests in October.

杜绝考试作弊的决定影响巨大。2014届毕业生在10月有一次补考的机会，但还是有60%的学生没有通过结业考试。

The class of 2015 has taken note.

2015届学生得到警示。

Final year student Rattana said his peers realize the “no cheating in exams” rule means they will need to apply themselves to pass and get into university.

高三学生罗塔那说，他的同学意识到“考试无作弊”的规定意味着他们要开始努力学习，通过考试，才能进入大学。

“The new policy means we’re studying harder and not going out as much as we used to. It also means we won’t have to spend money during exams,” he said.

高三学生罗塔那说：“新政策意味着我们要更努力学习，不能像以前那样经常出去玩了。这也表示我们在考试期间不用花钱了。”

The new policy is courtesy of Education Minister Hang Chuon Naron, appointed a year ago after a decade as a deputy finance minister. Naron said reforming education is critical to Cambodia's development.

这个新政出自教育大臣韩春纳洛之手。韩春纳洛一年前被任命为教育大臣，他之前当了十年的财政部副部长。他说，教育改革对柬埔寨的发展至关重要。

“So the most important factor is that there is a skills mismatch in Cambodia. And it becomes an obstacle to economic development, to growth, to attracting foreign direct investment. So we have investors⁴ coming in; they look for [a] skilled labor⁵ force - we don’t have enough. But at the supply side we have many graduates that cannot find jobs. And this is a problem that many countries are facing - the skills mismatch," said Naron.

教育大臣韩春纳洛说：“最重要的因素是柬埔寨的技能不匹配，这成为经济发展和吸引外国直接投资的一个障碍。投资者要熟练技术工，但我们这类劳动力不足。然而在劳动力供应方面，我们又有很多毕业生找不到工作。技能不匹配是许多国家面临的问题。”

The new policy aims for improved teacher training, better school governance, and promoting critical thinking and problem solving for Cambodia's 2.9 million school-age children.

新政的目的是改善教师培训，更好地进行学校管理，以及提高柬埔寨290万学龄儿童的批判性思维和解决问题的能力。

Underpaid teachers will earn more and schools will get increased funding from an education budget that will rise sharply to $440 million.

工资过低的教师的收入将增加。教育预算将大幅提高到4.4亿美元，学校因此将得到更多政府拨款。

Cambodia certainly has a long way to go: its ratio of 46 pupils per primary school teacher, for instance, is the worst in the world outside Africa.

诚然，柬埔寨的改革之路还很长。例如，柬埔寨小学的教师学生比为1比46，这个比率是世界上除非洲国家外最低的。

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is providing $90 million over five years to improve the quality of education and cut the dropout⁷ rate. The ADB's Sophea Mar⁶ applauds the government’s decision to boost education spending, but said that at 17 percent of expenditure⁸, it’s still low.

亚洲开发银行将在未来五年向柬埔寨提供9千万美元，用于改善教育质量和降低辍学率。亚洲开发银行的索匹亚?马尔对政府增加教育支出表示赞赏，但他表示，教育支出的占比为17%，仍然不高。

“Budget allocation is important, but also expenditure is even more important. And this is a big challenge because you know the capacity at the school level, at the sub-national level, remains⁹ an issue. So reform is not just only taking place within the ministry¹⁰. The reform has to start from the classroom, has to start from the lower level,” said Mar.

亚洲发展银行索匹亚?马尔说：“预算分配很重要，但支出更重要。这是个挑战，因为学校和地方的能力仍是个问题。因此，改革不是教育部说改就改的，改革必须从课堂开始，从底层开始。”

Ensuring these reforms succeed, he said, will need the backing not only of government, but of students, parents and the private sector.

他表示，要确保这些改革成功，不仅需要政府的支持，还需要学生、家长和民间的支持。