医学英语轻松学 第27期:免疫系统与疫苗

 Today, we’re talking about vaccines² and why they’re so important.

今天，我们要讨论的话题是疫苗，以及注射疫苗的重要性。

Our bodies have an immune system that protects us from infections and diseases.

身体免疫系统可防止感染和疾病。

Basically, a vaccine¹ helps get our immune system ready to fight off a certain illness.

基本上，疫苗可帮助免疫系统对抗特定疾病。

A vaccine is usually made of the germ that could make you sick, but the germ is weakened or killed.

通常，疫苗含有许多致病细菌，但这些细菌已无法致病或已经死亡。

When a vaccine enters our body, the immune system thinks it’s the real germ and responds to it the same way it does to germs, it fights it.

当疫苗进入体内，免疫系统认为它是细菌，并将以对抗细菌的方式对抗疫苗。

But, the vaccine is easier to fight than the illness you’re being vaccinated⁴ against, and it won’t make you sick.

然而，这种疫苗比对抗疾病来说更加容易，且不会致病。

Once the immune system figures out how to fight a germ and win, it remembers what works.

一旦免疫系统战胜该疫苗，它将会依循原有记忆进行保护。

Should such an enemy enter your body again, your immune system is ready to fight it off and will move to attack before it has a chance to make you sick.

一旦敌人再次侵入身体，免疫系统将在致病之前消灭敌人。

Sometimes our immune systems need a refresher course, which is why we get booster doses of some vaccines.

免疫系统有时也需要提神，这就是为什么我们要注射加强针的原因。

Some germs are tricky⁵ and change over time, like flu viruses.

像流感等病毒随时都在发生变化。

We need to get the flu vaccine every year so our bodies can be ready to take on the latest flu viruses!

我们每年都需注射流感疫苗，保证免疫系统可对抗最新流感病毒。

1.need to 需要

例句：You need to touch up the poem.

你需要给这首诗润色一下。

2.immune system 免疫系统

例句：So if you take them away, the immune system runs wild, as it has nothing to work against.

所以如果你清除了他们，免疫系统运转就会失控，因为它失去了与之抗衡的力量。

3.be ready to 为…做准备

例句：So if you come, be ready to dance.

因此，如果你来到这儿，就准备好起舞吧。

4.vaccinate³ against 给..接种疫苗

例句：The children were all vaccinated against smallpox⁶.

所有儿童都种了牛痘以预防天花。

1 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

2 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

3 vaccinate   

vt.给…接种疫苗；种牛痘

参考例句：

• Local health officials then can plan the best times to vaccinate people.这样，当地的卫生官员就可以安排最佳时间给人们接种疫苗。
• Doctors vaccinate us so that we do not catch smallpox.医生给我们打预防针使我们不会得天花。

4 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

5 tricky   

adj.狡猾的，奸诈的；(工作等)棘手的，微妙的

参考例句：

• I'm in a rather tricky position.Can you help me out?我的处境很棘手，你能帮我吗？
• He avoided this tricky question and talked in generalities.他回避了这个非常微妙的问题，只做了个笼统的表述。

6 smallpox   

n.天花

参考例句：

• In 1742 he suffered a fatal attack of smallpox.1742年，他染上了致命的天花。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child?你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？