VOA新闻杂志2023 为什么穿越美墨边境的移民人数创历史新高?

United States border agents made a record number of arrests in the South the past fiscal¹ year, which ended in September.

在去年9月结束的上一个财年里，美国边境巡逻人员在南部逮捕的移民人数打破了纪录。

In an effort to deal with the situation, U.S. President Joe Biden announced new steps last week.

为了应对这种情况，美国总统乔·拜登上周宣布了新的措施。

He said border patrol agents would immediately start turning away Cubans, Haitians and Nicaraguans who illegally cross the border from Mexico.

他说，边境巡逻人员将会立即开始拒绝从墨西哥非法越境来到美国的古巴人、海地人和尼加拉瓜人。

The new rules expand on an existing effort to stop Venezuelans attempting to enter the U.S.

新规定加大了阻止委内瑞拉人试图进入美国的力度。

That effort began in October and led to a sharp drop in Venezuelans coming to the southern border.

该计划始于去年10月，导致前往南部边境的委内瑞拉人的数量急剧下降。

"Do not, do not just show up at the border," Biden said last week in his first major speech on border security.

拜登上周在他关于边境安全的第一次重要演讲中说：“不要出现在边境。”

At the same time, he said the U.S. would permit up to 30,000 people from Cuba, Nicaragua, Haiti and Venezuela to enter the country by air each month.

与此同时，他表示，美国每月将允许最多3万名古巴人、尼加拉瓜人、海地人和委内瑞拉人乘飞机进入美国。

During the past fiscal year, agents arrested more than 2.2 million people at the U.S.-Mexico border.

在过去的一个财年里，边境巡逻人员在美墨边境逮捕了220多万人。

But many of those individuals had tried to cross more than once after being caught.

但其中许多人在被抓后不止一次试图越境。

The migrants were quickly expelled to Mexico under a COVID-established order known as Title 42.

根据因新冠疫情而制定的第42条法令，这些移民很快被驱逐到墨西哥。

Before last year, Mexico had generally only been accepting the return of its own citizens along with migrants from Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador.

在去年之前，墨西哥通常只接收回国的本国公民以及来自危地马拉、洪都拉斯和萨尔瓦多的移民。

The number of Venezuelans crossing the border fell sharply after Mexico agreed to accept expulsions of Venezuelan migrants last October.

在去年10月墨西哥同意接收被驱逐的委内瑞拉移民后，越境的委内瑞拉人数量急剧下降。

Before Title 42, migrants had been permitted to arrive at a U.S. port of entry and tell border officials they feared returning to their home country.

在第42条法令出台之前，移民可以抵达美国入境口岸，告诉边境官员，他们害怕返回自己的祖国。

That action would start an asylum² process.

这一行动将启动庇护程序。

Migrants seeking protection must prove they have been persecuted³, or fear they will be, on the basis of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a social group.

寻求保护的移民必须证明他们因种族、宗教、国籍、政治观点或某个社会群体的成员身份而受到迫害，或他们担心自己将会受到迫害。

The migrant is required to make an official asylum request to a U.S. asylum officer or in U.S. immigration court.

移民必须向美国庇护官员或在美国移民法庭提出正式的庇护请求。

Other migrants who arrive on U.S. soil are permitted to ask for asylum, even if they cross the border illegally and turn themselves into border agents.

其他抵达美国领土的移民被允许申请庇护，即使他们非法越境并成为边境巡逻人员。

But winning a case that way is a long and complex process and can take years to complete.

但以这种方式赢得官司是一个漫长而复杂的过程，可能需要数年时间才能完成。

Migrants who cannot be expelled under Title 42 are processed under an immigration law known as Title 8.

根据第42条法令，不能被驱逐出境的移民会根据移民法第8条法令进行处理。

Those individuals can be detained or released in the U.S. during consideration of their cases.

在审理案件期间，这些人可能会在美国被拘留或释放。

Asylum seekers can seek work permits as long as they attend court hearings and other immigration requirements.

寻求庇护者只要出席法庭听证会和满足其他移民要求，就可以寻求工作许可。

Last year, the Republican governors of Texas and Arizona bused thousands of migrants from the border to northern cities like New York and Washington, D.C.

去年，得克萨斯州和亚利桑那州的共和党州长用巴士将数千名移民从边境送往纽约和华盛顿特区等北部城市。

The governors said the action eased pressure in border communities and expressed their opposition⁴ to the policies of President Biden and Democratic lawmakers.

州长们表示，这一行动缓解了边境社区的压力，并表达了他们对总统拜登和民主党议员的政策的反对。

There are a number of ways to enter the U.S. legally as an immigrant.

以移民身份合法进入美国的方式有很多种。

These include being sponsored by a U.S. citizen or company, to perform a particular job or to study.

其中包括由美国公民或公司赞助，从事特定的工作或学习。

But getting a visa approved can take a long time and the process is not always available to under-represented communities.

但获得批准通过的签证可能需要很长时间，而且这一过程并不总是适用于代表性不足的社区。

The Biden administration set a goal in 2022 to resettle 125,000 refugees who registered from abroad after former President Donald Trump⁵ sharply reduced admissions during his term.

拜登政府在2022年设定了一个目标，重新安置在前总统唐纳德·特朗普任期内大幅减少接收人数后登记的12.5万名海外难民。

But the COVID-pandemic added to existing delays and prevented the U.S. from reaching that goal.

但新冠疫情延误了该进程，阻碍了美国实现这一目标。

When Biden took office in 2021, he urged Congress to pass wide-reaching immigration reform.

拜登在2021年上任时敦促国会通过影响广泛的移民改革。

Efforts to fix what many believe is a broken immigration system have been a long-standing goal of past administrations.

许多人认为移民制度存在缺陷，而努力修复移民制度一直是历届政府的长期目标。

But lawmakers have repeatedly failed in recent years to reach an agreement to pass major new policies.

但近年来，国会议员一再未能就通过重大新政策达成一致。

I'm Bryan Lynn.

布莱恩·林恩为您播报。

1 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

2 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

3 persecuted   

（尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人

参考例句：

• Throughout history, people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs. 人们因宗教信仰而受迫害的情况贯穿了整个历史。
• Members of these sects are ruthlessly persecuted and suppressed. 这些教派的成员遭到了残酷的迫害和镇压。

4 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。