中国适度放宽人民币资本外流管制

 　　China has scrapped¹ a restriction² on cross-border capital movement imposed in January, in what is believed to be the first concrete move to loosen capital controls since authorities began imposing³ curbs⁴ designed to shield the renminbi from downward pressure last year.

　　中国撤销了1月起实施的一项限制跨境资本流动的措施，这被认为是自去年当局为缓解人民币汇率下行压力而设限以来第一项放松资本管制的具体举措。

　　The People’s Bank of China has told financial institutions that they are no longer required to maintain a balance of inflows and outflows when processing cross-border renminbi payments, according to people familiar with the matter. The latest instructions reverse January’s oral guidance instructing banks to maintain either a net balance or net inflows of renminbi.

　　知情人士表示，中国央行(PBoC)通知各金融机构，在处理跨境人民币支付时，不必再保证流入大于流出。这项最新指示逆转了1月的央行口头指导——各银行必须维持人民币净流入。

　　The loosening measure — the first known step towards deregulating outbound money flows since outflow pressure began in late 2014 — suggests the authorities are increasingly confident they have weathered the country’s worst-ever bout⁵ of capital outflow. The US dollar has weakened against a range of global currencies in recent months, lessening⁶ pressure on the renminbi.

　　这一放松措施——自2014年底以来出现流出压力以来，对资金流出放松管制的第一项已知措施——似乎表明，中国当局越来越相信，他们已挺过了该国最严重的一段资本外流时期。近几个月来，美元相对一系列全球货币走弱，减轻了人民币汇率的压力。

　　Reducing outflows may also help to reinvigorate the central bank’s effort to promote renminbi internationalisation. Encouraging the accumulation of renminbi in offshore⁷ centres such as Hong Kong, London, Singapore and Frankfurt is crucial to enabling foreigners to use the currency for trade and investment. Liquidity⁸ drain has sharply reduced Hong Kong’s offshore renminbi market over the past year.

　　减少外流或许也有助于重振中国央行推动人民币国际化的努力。鼓励香港、伦敦、新加坡和法兰克福等离岸中心积累人民币，对于让外国人在贸易和投资中能够使用这种货币是至关重要的。过去一年里，流动性趋紧显著削弱了香港的离岸人民币市场。

　　Before the January crackdown, cross-border renminbi had become an important channel for taking money out of China. Once offshore, renminbi can be converted to hard currency in Hong Kong or other offshore centres without regulation by mainland authorities.

　　1月实行限制措施之前，跨境人民币支付已成为把资金带出中国的一条重要渠道。离境之后，人民币便不受内地当局的监管，可以在香港或其他离岸中心兑换为硬通货。

　　An average $28bn per month exited China through renminbi payments in the first 11 months of 2016, but the monthly average fell to $6bn in the three months to the end of February, according to data from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange.

　　国家外管局(SAFE)数据显示，2016年前11个月，平均每月以人民币支付方式离境的资金达280亿美元，但在截至2月底的3个月里，平均每月流出额降至60亿美元。

　　A foreign banker in Beijing said the PBoC had lifted restrictions⁹ throughout the country. The central bank had imposed different quotas¹⁰ in various cities, with Beijing and Shanghai facing the toughest restrictions.

　　驻北京的一位外国银行家表示，中国央行已在全国范围内撤销了限制。此前，中国央行曾对各个城市实行不同的配额，其中北京和上海受到的限制最为严厉。

1 scrapped   

废弃(scrap的过去式与过去分词)； 打架

参考例句：

• This machine is so old that it will soon have to be scrapped. 这架机器太旧，快报废了。
• It had been thought that passport controls would be scrapped. 人们曾认为会放开护照管制。

2 restriction   

n.限制，约束

参考例句：

• The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放，没有任何限制。
• The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas.每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。

3 imposing   

adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的

参考例句：

• The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
• He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。

4 curbs   

v.限制，克制，抑制( curb的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• In executing his functions he is not bound by any legal curbs on his power. 在他履行职务时，他的权力是不受任何法律约束的。 来自辞典例句
• Curbs on air travel were being worked out and would shortly be announced. 限制航空旅行的有关规定正在拟定中，不久即将公布。 来自辞典例句

5 bout   

n.侵袭，发作；一次(阵，回)；拳击等比赛

参考例句：

• I was suffering with a bout of nerves.我感到一阵紧张。
• That bout of pneumonia enfeebled her.那次肺炎的发作使她虚弱了。

6 lessening   

减轻，减少，变小

参考例句：

• So however much he earned, she spent it, her demands growing and lessening with his income. 祥子挣多少，她花多少，她的要求随着他的钱涨落。 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子
• The talks have resulted in a lessening of suspicion. 谈话消减了彼此的怀疑。

7 offshore   

adj.海面的，吹向海面的；adv.向海面

参考例句：

• A big program of oil exploration has begun offshore.一个大规模的石油勘探计划正在近海展开。
• A gentle current carried them slowly offshore.和缓的潮流慢慢地把他们带离了海岸。

8 liquidity   

n.流动性，偿债能力，流动资产

参考例句：

• The bank has progressively increased its liquidity.银行逐渐地增加其流动资产。
• The demand for and the supply of credit is closely linked to changes in liquidity.信用的供求和流动资金的变化有密切关系。

9 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

10 quotas   

（正式限定的）定量( quota的名词复数 )； 定额； 指标； 摊派

参考例句：

• In fulfilling the production quotas, John made rings round all his fellow workers. 约翰完成生产定额大大超过他的同事们。
• Quotas of the means of production are allocated by the higher administrative bodies to the lower ones. 物资指标按隶属关系分配。