第二册第7篇：午后比萨之美

7 The Beauty Of Pisa In The Afternoon 午后比萨之美
John Ruskin 约翰·罗斯金

On each side of a bright river he saw rise a line of brighter palaces, arched and pillared, and inlaid with deep red porphyry, and with serpentine(2); along the quays¹ before their gates were riding troops of knights², noble in face and form, dazzling in crest³ and shield; horse and man one labyrinth⁴ of quaint⁵ colour and gleaming light(3)--the purple, and silver, and scarlet⁶ fringes flowing over the strong limbs and clashing mail, like sea-waves over rocks at sunset. Opening on each side from the river were gardens, courts, and cloisters⁷; long successions of white pillars among wreaths of vine; leaping of fountains through buds of pomegranate and orange; and still along the garden-paths, and under and through the crimson⁸ of the pomegranate shadows, moving slowly, groups of the fairest women that Italy ever saw fairest, because purest and thoughtfulest; trained in all high knowledge, as in all courteous⁹ art--in dance, in song, in sweet wit, in lofty learning, in loftier courage,-ill loftiest love- able alike to cheer, to enchant¹⁰, or save, the souls of men(4). Above all this scenery of perfect human life, rose dome¹¹ and bell-tower, burning with white alabaster¹² and gold: beyond dome and bell-tower the slopes of mighty¹³ hills, hoary¹⁴ with olive; far in the north, above a purple sea of peaks of solemn Apennine(5), the clear, sharp- cloven Carrara mountains(6) sent up their steadfast¹⁵ flames of marble summit into amber¹⁶ sky; the great sea itself, scorching¹⁷ with expanse of light, stretching from their feet to the Gorgonian isles¹⁸(7); and over all these, ever present, near or far--seen through the leaves of vine, or imaged with all its march of clouds in the Arno's stream,(8) or set with its depth of blue close against the golden hair and burning cheek of lady and knight,-- that untroubled and sacred sky, which was to all men, in those days of innocent faith, indeed the unquestioned abode¹⁹ of spirits, as the earth was of men; and which opened straight through its gates of cloud and veils of dew into the awfulness of the eternal world; a heaven in which every cloud that passed was literally²⁰ the chariot of an angel and every ray of its Evening and Morning streamed from the throne of God.(9)

中文译文：
在一条灿烂的大河两岸，他看到每一边都矗立着一排更为灿烂的宫殿，有拱门和石柱，并且镶嵌着深红色的斑岩，还有蛇纹岩，宫殿门前的码头上，一队队骑在马上的骑土，威风凛凛，神采奕奕，头盔和盾牌金光锃亮，马匹和骑手组成了色彩和光泽上光怪陆离的一团--披挂在健壮的四肢和铿锵作声的铠甲上的紫红色、银白色和猩红色的流苏，宛如日落时涌上岩石的海浪。呈现在河岸两边的是花园、庭园以及修道院，是缭绕的葡萄藤花掩映着的白色的石柱，一根接一根，长长的一排；是石榴花蕾和桔子花蕾丛中喷泉喷出的水柱，还有就是沿着园中小径，在石榴花绯红色的荫影中成群地姗姗而行的女士们，她们是意大利所见到的最美的美人--最美，是因为她们纯洁无瑕，最富有想象力，她们熟谙各门高尚知识和各种社交艺术：跳舞、唱歌、解颐的妙语、高贵的学识、更高贵的勇气、最高贵的爱情，她们都能鼓舞、陶醉或者拯救男人们的灵魂。在这一片人世间完美无缺的景色之上，高耸着发出白雪花石膏和黄金的辉煌光芒的圆拱屋顶和钟楼，在拱顶和钟楼的后面是雄伟的山脉，山上长满了灰色的油橄榄树，遥远的北方，在威严的亚平宁山脉紫色的群峰之上，轮廓分明的卡拉拉山把永恒不变的火焰似的大理石山顶插入琥珀色的天空，光芒夺目的浩瀚大海从山脚下一直延伸到戈尔高尼群岛，而在这一切之上，无论是透过葡萄叶丛所见到的，还是阿尔诺河上伴着飘忽的云影所反映出来的，还是同贵妇人和骑士的金色头发和红润面颊相映衬的，是一片蔚蓝的天空，无远弗届，无时不在，宁静而庄严。在那信仰单纯的年月里，对所有的人来说，那苍天无容置疑地是神仙的住所，就象地球是人的住所一样。穿过云端的大门，透过露珠的纱幕，一直通向令人敬畏的永恒世界--那就是天国，在那儿朵朵飘过的云彩实际上都是天使的战车，晨曦和晚霞的每缕光芒都来自上帝的宝座。

英文注释：
(1)Pisa，比萨，意大利城市，城内有著名的斜塔。
(2)he saw rise a line of brighter palaces,…serpentine，在这一句中，rise本应在句末，补充说明谓语动词 saw所带的宾语，但由于宾语a line of brighter palaces 加上后面所带的许多定语显得太长了，所以移到前面。
(3)horse and man one labyrinth Of quaint colour and gleaming light．马匹和骑手组成了色彩和光泽上光怪陆离的一团。这是一个主格独立结构，在horse and man后省略了分词being。
(4)able alike to cheer，…the souls of men：作定语，与前面trained…in love并列，修饰the fairest women。
(5)Apennine：亚平宁山脉，在意大利境内。
(6) Carrara mountains：卡拉拉山，位于意大利西北部，盛产优质大理石。
(7)Gorgonian isles：戈尔高尼群岛。
(8)the Arno：阿尔诺河，意大利中北部河流，流入地中海。
(9)Above all this scenery．．．from the throne of God；这是课文中最后一句，它是一个复杂的主从复合句，由五个并列的分句和它们所带的从句构成。第一分句是倒装句，主语是dome and bell-tower，谓语动词是rose; 第二分句beyond dome and bell-tower the slopes of mighty hills，hoary with olive也是一个倒装句，但句中省略了谓语中的联系动词，主语为the slopes;第三分句的主语为Carrara mountains，谓语动词为sent up;第四分句the great sea itself，scorching with expanse of light，stretching from their feet to the Gorgonian isles是一个仅有主语部分的句子。紧跟着的第五个分句也为倒装句，句中省略了谓语联系动词 was，主语为that untroubled and sacred sky，它后面接两个用which引出的定语从句，而破折号后面的a heaven是sky的同位语，它本身又带了个in which…的定语从句。五个分句中除第一句因为起了引出后面各分句内容的作用，所以用冒号与其余部分分开外，其他各分句都用分号彼此分开，两个定语从句，因为很长，并且第一句内部已有了逗号，所以也用分号分开。

1 quays   

码头( quay的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• She drove across the Tournelle bridge and across the busy quays to the Latin quarter. 她驾车开过图尔内勒桥，穿过繁忙的码头开到拉丁区。
• When blasting is close to such installations as quays, the charge can be reduced. 在靠近如码头这类设施爆破时，装药量可以降低。

2 knights   

骑士； （中古时代的）武士( knight的名词复数 )； 骑士； 爵士； （国际象棋中）马

参考例句：

• stories of knights and fair maidens 关于骑士和美女的故事
• He wove a fascinating tale of knights in shining armour. 他编了一个穿着明亮盔甲的骑士的迷人故事。

3 crest   

n.顶点；饰章；羽冠；vt.达到顶点；vi.形成浪尖

参考例句：

• The rooster bristled his crest.公鸡竖起了鸡冠。
• He reached the crest of the hill before dawn.他于黎明前到达山顶。

4 labyrinth   

n.迷宫；难解的事物；迷路

参考例句：

• He wandered through the labyrinth of the alleyways.他在迷宫似的小巷中闲逛。
• The human mind is a labyrinth.人的心灵是一座迷宫。

5 quaint   

adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的

参考例句：

• There were many small lanes in the quaint village.在这古香古色的村庄里，有很多小巷。
• They still keep some quaint old customs.他们仍然保留着一些稀奇古怪的旧风俗。

6 scarlet   

n.深红色，绯红色，红衣；adj.绯红色的

参考例句：

• The scarlet leaves of the maples contrast well with the dark green of the pines.深红的枫叶和暗绿的松树形成了明显的对比。
• The glowing clouds are growing slowly pale,scarlet,bright red,and then light red.天空的霞光渐渐地淡下去了，深红的颜色变成了绯红，绯红又变为浅红。

7 cloisters   

n.（学院、修道院、教堂等建筑的）走廊( cloister的名词复数 )；回廊；修道院的生活；隐居v.隐退，使与世隔绝( cloister的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• The thirteenth-century cloisters are amongst the most beautiful in central Italy. 这些13世纪的回廊是意大利中部最美的建筑。 来自辞典例句
• Some lovely Christian Science ladies had invited her to a concert at the cloisters. 有几位要好的基督教科学社的女士请她去修道院音乐厅听一个音乐会。 来自辞典例句

8 crimson   

n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色

参考例句：

• She went crimson with embarrassment.她羞得满脸通红。
• Maple leaves have turned crimson.枫叶已经红了。

9 courteous   

adj.彬彬有礼的，客气的

参考例句：

• Although she often disagreed with me,she was always courteous.尽管她常常和我意见不一，但她总是很谦恭有礼。
• He was a kind and courteous man.他为人友善，而且彬彬有礼。

10 enchant   

vt.使陶醉，使入迷；使着魔，用妖术迷惑

参考例句：

• The spectacle of the aurora may appear to dazzle and enchant the observer's eyes.极光的壮丽景色的出现,会使观察者为之眩目和迷惑。
• Her paintings possess the power to enchant one if one is fortunate enough to see her work and hear her music.如果你有幸能欣赏她的作品，“聆听”她的音乐，她的作品将深深地迷住你。

11 dome   

n.圆屋顶，拱顶

参考例句：

• The dome was supported by white marble columns.圆顶由白色大理石柱支撑着。
• They formed the dome with the tree's branches.他们用树枝搭成圆屋顶。

12 alabaster   

adj.雪白的；n.雪花石膏；条纹大理石

参考例句：

• The floor was marble tile,and the columns alabaster.地板是由大理石铺成的，柱子则是雪花石膏打造而成。
• Her skin was like alabaster.她的皮肤光洁雪白。

13 mighty   

adj.强有力的；巨大的

参考例句：

• A mighty force was about to break loose.一股巨大的力量即将迸发而出。
• The mighty iceberg came into view.巨大的冰山出现在眼前。

14 hoary   

adj.古老的；鬓发斑白的

参考例句：

• They discussed the hoary old problem.他们讨论老问题。
• Without a word spoken,he hurried away,with his hoary head bending low.他什么也没说，低着白发苍苍的头，匆匆地走了。

15 steadfast   

adj.固定的，不变的，不动摇的；忠实的；坚贞不移的

参考例句：

• Her steadfast belief never left her for one moment.她坚定的信仰从未动摇过。
• He succeeded in his studies by dint of steadfast application.由于坚持不懈的努力他获得了学业上的成功。

16 amber   

n.琥珀；琥珀色；adj.琥珀制的

参考例句：

• Would you like an amber necklace for your birthday?你过生日想要一条琥珀项链吗？
• This is a piece of little amber stones.这是一块小小的琥珀化石。

17 scorching   

adj. 灼热的

参考例句：

• a scorching, pitiless sun 灼热的骄阳
• a scorching critique of the government's economic policy 对政府经济政策的严厉批评

18 isles   

岛( isle的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the geology of the British Isles 不列颠群岛的地质
• The boat left for the isles. 小船驶向那些小岛。

19 abode   

n.住处，住所

参考例句：

• It was ten months before my father discovered his abode.父亲花了十个月的功夫，才好不容易打听到他的住处。
• Welcome to our humble abode!欢迎光临寒舍！

20 literally   

adv.照字面意义，逐字地；确实

参考例句：

• He translated the passage literally.他逐字逐句地翻译这段文字。
• Sometimes she would not sit down till she was literally faint.有时候，她不走到真正要昏厥了，决不肯坐下来。