财经金融新闻 过度抽取地下水致地表下沉

A study in the June edition of the international journal Remote Sensing showed that parts of eastern Beijing had subsided¹ by as much as 11 centimeters per year. The study was headed by Chen Mi, an associate professor from Capital Normal University.

国际期刊《遥感科学》七月刊发表报告显示，北京东部部分地区每年下沉多达11厘米。这份报告是由首师大副教授陈蜜带头进行的一项研究。

Using technology known as Satellite Radar² Interferometry, or InSar, Chen and his team found that the crowded districts of Chaoyang and Haidian are sinking fastest, subsiding³ an average of 4 to 8 centimeters yearly. Less populated areas in central and western Beijing sank only one centimeter per year.

利用合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术，陈蜜和他的团队发现，相对拥堵的朝阳和海淀区下沉速度最快，年下沉速度为4-8厘米。人流较少的中部和西部年下沉仅为1厘米。

How did this subsidence issue come about? While active faults and the thickness of the soft soil layer may contribute to subsidence, groundwater overexploitation remains⁴ the largest issue in Beijing. Why the focus on groundwater? A 2012 survey by Peking University’s Beijing Development Institute found that Beijing has under 100 cubic meters of surface water per resident, less than one-tenth of the internationally accepted level. The city relied on groundwater to make up the difference, causing groundwater depth to recede⁵ by an average of one meter per year between 1999 and 2013.

下沉是如何发生的？活断层以及软土层的厚度都会导致下沉，地下水过度开采仍是北京最大的问题。为什么是地下水？2012年，北京大学首都发展研究院发布研究报告，指出北京人均地表水不到100立方米，不到国际标准水平的三分之一。从1999-2013年，北京主要依靠地下水，导致地下水水位年平均下沉1米。

The plummet⁶ in groundwater levels has recently slowed, particularly after canals built as part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project began to channel water from the Yangtze River to Beijing in late 2014. The Beijing Water Authority expects the city’s groundwater level to begin rising again in 2025.

近些年，地下水水位下降幅度有所缓解，特别是2014年南水北调工程，修建运河引入长江水之后。北京市水务局预计地下水水位将在2025年回升。

But this promising⁷ news may be too little, too late. Li Guoping, vice⁸ director of the Beijing Development institute, warns that the city’s sinking could pose a threat to buildings, underground pipelines⁹, and the subway system.

但这一消息或许来得太晚了。首都发展研究院副院长李国平警告称，地表下沉会对房屋建筑，地下管道以及地铁线路构成威胁。

1 subsided   

v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的过去式和过去分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上

参考例句：

• After the heavy rains part of the road subsided. 大雨过后，部分公路塌陷了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• By evening the storm had subsided and all was quiet again. 傍晚， 暴风雨已经过去，四周开始沉寂下来。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

2 radar   

n.雷达，无线电探测器

参考例句：

• They are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。
• Enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。

3 subsiding   

v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的现在分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上

参考例句：

• The flooded river was subsiding rapidly. 泛滥的河水正在迅速退落。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Gradually the tension was subsiding, gradually the governor was relenting. 风潮渐渐地平息了。 来自汉英文学 - 家（1-26） - 家（1-26）

4 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

5 recede   

vi.退(去)，渐渐远去；向后倾斜，缩进

参考例句：

• The colleges would recede in importance.大学的重要性会降低。
• He saw that the dirty water had begun to recede.他发现那污浊的水开始往下退了。

6 plummet   

vi.(价格、水平等)骤然下跌；n.铅坠；重压物

参考例句：

• Mengniu and Yili have seen their shares plummet since the incident broke.自事件发生以来，蒙牛和伊利的股票大幅下跌。
• Even if rice prices were to plummet,other brakes on poverty alleviation remain.就算大米价格下跌，其它阻止导致贫困的因素仍然存在。

7 promising   

adj.有希望的，有前途的

参考例句：

• The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
• We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。

8 vice   

n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的

参考例句：

• He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
• They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

9 pipelines   

管道( pipeline的名词复数 )； 输油管道； 在考虑（或规划、准备） 中； 在酿中

参考例句：

• The oil is carried to the oil refinery by pipelines. 石油通过输油管输送到炼油厂。
• The oil carried in pipelines. 石油用管道输送。