法律英语基础听说900句 Part31-35

三十一、票据（Instrument）
1.A bona fide holder¹ for value takes free
from any defect inthe title of his predecessors².
2. A check cannot be accepted.
3.An endorsement³ by the deawee is null and void.
4.An instrument is a document of title to money.
5.Every instrument constitutes an independent contract embodying⁴ a payment obligation.
6.The bill of exchange was in its inception⁵ confine largely to the financing of foreign trade.
7.The check is payable⁶ to bearer.
8.The promissory note is a document in which A promises to pay a sum of money to B.
9.They would almost certainly be held by the court to be negotiable instruments,albeit outside the scope of the Bills of Exchange Act.
10.This autonomy of the payment obligation
is essential to the marketability of instrument.
票据
有价证券善持有人有受前手所有权缺陷的影响。
支票不得承兑。
付款人背书无效。
票据是代表金钱支付权利的文据。
每张票据都构成一份独立的体现支付义务的合同。
汇票最初主要限于在外贸金融活动中使用。
向持票人付款的支票。
本票是规定甲方向乙方支付一笔款额的一种文据。
尽管不在《汇票法》规定之内，但法院几乎肯定将它们裁定为是流通票据。
支付义务的自动履行对票据的可流通性非常重要。
Part 32 Bankruptcy⁷
1.A debtor⁸ may file for bankruptcy,which is called "voluntary bankruptcy".
2.Bankruptcy protects the debtor from debt collection by creditors⁹.
3.He was adjudicated or declared bankrupt.
4.I'm broke.
5.Insolvency¹⁰ matters are covered under the Bankruptcy Code.
6.The company was close to bankruptcy.
7.The company was declared insolvent¹¹.
8.The court appointed a receiver to administer and liquidate¹² the assets of an insolvent corporation.
9.The creditors decided¹³ ot initiate¹⁴ a bankruptcy proceeding¹⁵.
10.The debt was discharged in bankruptcy.
破产
债务人可以申请破产，这叫做“自愿破产”。
破产程序保护债务人免受债权人的讨债。
他被宣判或宣布破产。
我破产了。
资不抵债事项由《破产法典》调整。
公司接近破产。
公司被宣布无清偿能力。
法院指定了一个接管人以管理和清算破产公司的资产。
债权人决定提起破产之诉。
在破产中债务被解除。
Part 33 Tort
1.In tort law the duty is imposed by the law.
2.Some jurisdictions¹⁷ have established this tort to provide a rimedy for malicious¹⁸ deeds.
3.Such tort-feasors are jointly¹⁹ and severally liable.
4.The law of tort provides rules of conduct that regulate how members fo society interact and remedies if the rules are breached²¹ and damage is suffered.
5.The law of tort aims to compensate²² those who have suffered as a result of a tort.
6.Tort law is a branch of civil law that is connected with civil wrongs,
but not contract actions.
7.Trot²³ liability for negligence²⁴ presupposes causality between the negligent²⁵ act and the injury to person or property.
8.Trots²⁶ are in themselves sufficient grounds
for bringing an action without the need to prove that damage has been suffered.
9.Torts can be divided into three categories depending on whether liability is based on intent, on negligence,or is absolute or strict without either intent or negligence.
10.Two of the largest categories of civil law are contract law and tort law.
侵权
在侵权法中，责任是由法律规定的。
有些司法管辖区规定了此种侵权行为，目的是对恶意行为受害人提供救济。
此种侵权行为为要承担共同和连带责任。
侵权行为法提供行为规则，规范社会成员的相互交往
以及在该规则被违反和损害发生是，如何进行救济。
侵权行为法的目的在于补偿被侵害人。
侵权法属于民法的一部分，其与民事过错相关，与合同行为无关。
过失侵权责任以过失行为与对人身或财产的侵权之间的因果关系为前提。
侵权本身足民构成起诉某人的证据，无须证明遭受了损失。
侵权可根据侵权责任的不同分为三类，
故意侵权责任，过失侵权责任，绝对侵权责任或无过错严格侵权责任。
民法中最大两个类别是合同法和侵权法。
Part 34 Appeal
1.Generally a party has the right to appeal
any judgment²⁷ to at least one higher court.
2.He applied²⁸ for judicial²⁹ reiview by way of certiorari.
3.He has appealed to the Supreme³⁰ Court.
4.He lost his appeal to the House of Lords.
5.The appeal court dismissed the appeal by wasy of case stated.
6.The appeal court overrode³¹ the decision of the lower court.
7.The appeal court quashed the verdict.
8.The appeal court reduced the fine imposed by the magistrates³² and released the sentence to seven year's imprisonment³³.
9.The Appeal Court rejiected the appeal on a tenchnicality.
10.The appeal from the court order will be heard next month.
11.The appeal judge held that the defendant³⁴ was not in breach²⁰ of his statutory duty.
12.The appeal was adjourned³⁵ for affidavits³⁶ to be obtained.
13.The appeal was rejected by the House of Lords.
14.The applicant³⁷ sought judicial review to quash the bin-dover order.
15.The Bill proposes that any party to the proceedings³⁸ may appeal.
16.The Court of Appeal has confirmed the judge's decision.
17.The Court of Appeal ordered a retrial.
18.The applicant sought judicial review to quash the order.
19.The litigants³⁹ may appeal against a judgment or a ruling derived⁴⁰ from the retrial.
20.We will appeal the decision to a higher court.
上诉
通常当事人对任何判决至少一次上诉权。
他申请用签发调卷令的方法获得司法审查。
他向最高法院上诉。
他在向上院提起的上诉中败诉。
上诉法院以书面审理下级法院的判案陈述方法驳回上诉。
上诉法院撤销了下级法院的裁决。
上诉法院撤消了裁决。
上诉法院减少了治安官所处的罚金，并将刑期减少到七年。
上诉法院驳回了就技术细节问题的上诉。
不服法院判决的上诉将于下月审理。
上诉法院法官裁定被告没有不履行他的法定职责。
为获得宣誓证明书，上诉被推迟。
上院拒绝受理上诉。
申请人请求司法审理以便废除责令某人守法的命令。议案建议讼任何一方都可以上诉。
上诉法院维持了一审法官的判决。
上诉法院命令重审。
申请人寻求司法复审以撤消命令。
当事人可就重审案件的判决或裁定进行上诉。
我方不服判决，要向一级法院上诉。
Part 35 Trial
1.A case is only authority for what it actually decides.
2.A judgment msut be impartial⁴¹.
3.All legal systems have a rule that a judicial determination of a case is final.
4.Before trial the defendant may move to dismiss the case on the ground that the facts alleged⁴² do not constitute a crime.
5.Do not wait for the last judgment,it takes place everyday.
6.He was acquitted⁴³ of the crime.
7.He was committed for trial in the Central Criminal Court.
8.He was sentenced to five years,but should serve only three with remission.
9.He was sentenced to two periods of years in prison,the sentences to run concurrently⁴⁴.
10.He was tried for murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.
11.Judgment was entered for the plaintiff.
12.Now the court is in session.
13.Order in the court.
14.She was awarded substantial damages.
15.The adjudicator has to decide impartially⁴⁵ between the two parties.
16.The case is listed to heard next week.
17.The clerk to the justices read out the indictment⁴⁶.
18.The case has been stood over to next week.
19.The court adjourned for a ten-minute break.
20.The hearing proceeded after the protesters were removed from the courtroom.
21.The hearings were held in camera.
22.The hearing was held up while counsel argued over procedural problems.
23.The offence carries a maximum sentence of two year's imprisonment.
24.The power to hear cases is called jurisdiction¹⁶.
25.The trial lasted six days.
26.The trial took place in the absence of the defendant.
27.The clerk of the court read out the charges.
28.The objective of the pre-trial hearing is to shorten the actual trial time without infringing⁴⁷ upon the rights of either party.
29.They all stood up when the judges entered the courtroom.
30.To give him a fair and impartial hearing is of great importance.
审判
判例只能用作实际判决事项的法律依据。
判决必须公正。
所有法律制度的规则都是将司法判作为最终手段。
审判前，被告方可以所控事实不构成犯罪为自由权，要求撤销案件。
审判永无终止，每天都在发生。
他被宣判无罪。
他被带到中央刑事法院受审。他被判了五年徒刑，但减刑后仅服刑三年。
他被判处两个两年的徒刑，该判决合执行。
他因谋杀而受审并被判处终生监禁。
判决原告胜诉。
现在开庭。
法庭内保持肃静。
她被判给予巨额损害赔偿金。
判决者必须在双方当事人中做公正的裁决。
该案已被安排在下周审理。
书记员宣读了刑事起诉书。
案子的审理被推迟到下个星期进行。
休庭10分钟。抗议者被逐出法庭后审理继续进行。
审判秘密进行。
当律师分争论程序问题时，审理被停止。
该罪行可最多可判处两年监禁。
审理案件的权力称为审判权。
审判延续了六天。
审判在被告缺席的情况下进行。
书记员宣读了控告书。
预审程序的目的在于缩短实际审理的时间而不侵犯双方当事人的权利。
当法官进入法庭进他们全部起立。
让他获得公下和无偏见的审理是很重要的。
 

1 holder   

n.持有者，占有者；(台，架等)支持物

参考例句：

• The holder of the office of chairman is reponsible for arranging meetings.担任主席职位的人负责安排会议。
• That runner is the holder of the world record for the hundred-yard dash.那位运动员是一百码赛跑世界纪录的保持者。

2 predecessors   

n.前任( predecessor的名词复数 )；前辈；（被取代的）原有事物；前身

参考例句：

• The new government set about dismantling their predecessors' legislation. 新政府正着手废除其前任所制定的法律。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Will new plan be any more acceptable than its predecessors? 新计划比原先的计划更能令人满意吗？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 endorsement   

n.背书；赞成，认可，担保；签(注)，批注

参考例句：

• We are happy to give the product our full endorsement.我们很高兴给予该产品完全的认可。
• His presidential campaign won endorsement from several celebrities.他参加总统竞选得到一些社会名流的支持。

4 embodying   

v.表现( embody的现在分词 )；象征；包括；包含

参考例句：

• Every instrument constitutes an independent contract embodying a payment obligation. 每张票据都构成一份独立的体现支付义务的合同。 来自口语例句
• Fowth, The aesthetical transcendency and the beauty embodying the man's liberty. \" 第四部分：审美的超越和作为人类自由最终体现的“美”。 来自互联网

5 inception   

n.开端，开始，取得学位

参考例句：

• The programme has been successful since its inception.这个方案自开始实施以来一直卓有成效。
• Julia's worked for that company from its inception.自从那家公司开办以来，朱莉娅一直在那儿工作。

6 payable   

adj.可付的，应付的，有利益的

参考例句：

• This check is payable on demand.这是一张见票即付的支票。
• No tax is payable on these earnings.这些收入不须交税。

7 bankruptcy   

n.破产；无偿付能力

参考例句：

• You will have to pull in if you want to escape bankruptcy.如果你想避免破产，就必须节省开支。
• His firm is just on thin ice of bankruptcy.他的商号正面临破产的危险。

8 debtor   

n.借方，债务人

参考例句：

• He crowded the debtor for payment.他催逼负债人还债。
• The court granted me a lien on my debtor's property.法庭授予我对我债务人财产的留置权。

9 creditors   

n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They agreed to repay their creditors over a period of three years. 他们同意3年内向债主还清欠款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Creditors could obtain a writ for the arrest of their debtors. 债权人可以获得逮捕债务人的令状。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 insolvency   

n.无力偿付，破产

参考例句：

• The company is on the verge of insolvency.该公司快要破产了。
• Normal insolvency procedures should not be applied to banks.通常的破产程序不应当适用于银行。

11 insolvent   

adj.破产的，无偿还能力的

参考例句：

• They lost orders and were insolvent within weeks.他们失去了订货，几周后就无法偿还债务。
• The bank was declared insolvent.银行被宣布破产。

12 liquidate   

v.偿付，清算，扫除；整理，破产

参考例句：

• A unanimous vote was taken to liquidate the company.全体投票一致通过停业清理公司。
• They have not hesitated in the past to liquidate their rivals.过去他们曾毫不犹豫地铲除对手。

13 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

14 initiate   

vt.开始，创始，发动；启蒙，使入门；引入

参考例句：

• A language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar.语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。
• They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.他们想启动一次经济学讨论。

15 proceeding   

n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报

参考例句：

• This train is now proceeding from Paris to London.这次列车从巴黎开往伦敦。
• The work is proceeding briskly.工作很有生气地进展着。

16 jurisdiction   

n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权

参考例句：

• It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
• Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。

17 jurisdictions   

司法权( jurisdiction的名词复数 )； 裁判权； 管辖区域； 管辖范围

参考例句：

• Butler entreated him to remember the act abolishing the heritable jurisdictions. 巴特勒提醒他注意废除世袭审判权的国会法令。
• James I personally adjudicated between the two jurisdictions. 詹姆士一世亲自裁定双方纠纷。

18 malicious   

adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的

参考例句：

• You ought to kick back at such malicious slander. 你应当反击这种恶毒的污蔑。
• Their talk was slightly malicious.他们的谈话有点儿心怀不轨。

19 jointly   

ad.联合地，共同地

参考例句：

• Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
• She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。

20 breach   

n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破

参考例句：

• We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
• He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。

21 breached   

攻破( breach的现在分词 )； 破坏，违反

参考例句：

• These commitments have already been breached. 这些承诺已遭背弃。
• Our tanks have breached the enemy defences. 我方坦克车突破了敌人的防线。

22 compensate   

vt.补偿，赔偿；酬报 vi.弥补；补偿；抵消

参考例句：

• She used her good looks to compensate her lack of intelligence. 她利用她漂亮的外表来弥补智力的不足。
• Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 一个人失去了键康是不可弥补的。

23 trot   

n.疾走，慢跑；n.老太婆；现成译本；(复数）trots:腹泻（与the 连用）；v.小跑，快步走，赶紧

参考例句：

• They passed me at a trot.他们从我身边快步走过。
• The horse broke into a brisk trot.马突然快步小跑起来。

24 negligence   

n.疏忽，玩忽，粗心大意

参考例句：

• They charged him with negligence of duty.他们指责他玩忽职守。
• The traffic accident was allegedly due to negligence.这次车祸据说是由于疏忽造成的。

25 negligent   

adj.疏忽的；玩忽的；粗心大意的

参考例句：

• The committee heard that he had been negligent in his duty.委员会听说他玩忽职守。
• If the government is proved negligent,compensation will be payable.如果证明是政府的疏忽，就应支付赔偿。

26 trots   

小跑，急走( trot的名词复数 )； 匆匆忙忙地走

参考例句：

• A horse that trots, especially one trained for harness racing. 训练用于快跑特别是套轭具赛跑的马。
• He always trots out the same old excuses for being late. 他每次迟到总是重复那一套藉口。

27 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

28 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

29 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

30 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

31 overrode   

越控( override的过去式 )； （以权力）否决； 优先于； 比…更重要

参考例句：

• The chairman overrode the committee's objections and signed the agreement. 主席不顾委员会的反对，径行签署了协议。
• The Congress overrode the President's objection and passed the law. 国会不顾总统的反对，通过了那项法令。

32 magistrates   

地方法官，治安官( magistrate的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• to come up before the magistrates 在地方法院出庭
• He was summoned to appear before the magistrates. 他被传唤在地方法院出庭。

33 imprisonment   

n.关押，监禁，坐牢

参考例句：

• His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
• He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。

34 defendant   

n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的

参考例句：

• The judge rejected a bribe from the defendant's family.法官拒收被告家属的贿赂。
• The defendant was borne down by the weight of evidence.有力的证据使被告认输了。

35 adjourned   

（使）休会， （使）休庭( adjourn的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The court adjourned for lunch. 午餐时间法庭休庭。
• The trial was adjourned following the presentation of new evidence to the court. 新证据呈到庭上后，审讯就宣告暂停。

36 affidavits   

n.宣誓书，（经陈述者宣誓在法律上可采作证据的）书面陈述( affidavit的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The woman offered written affidavits proving that she was the widow of Pancho Villa. 这女人提供书面证书，证明自己是庞科·比亚的遗孀。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The appeal was adjourned for affidavits to be obtained. 为获得宣誓证明书，上诉被推迟。 来自口语例句

37 applicant   

n.申请人，求职者，请求者

参考例句：

• He was the hundredth applicant for the job. 他是第100个申请这项工作的人。
• In my estimation, the applicant is well qualified for this job. 据我看, 这位应征者完全具备这项工作的条件。

38 proceedings   

n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报

参考例句：

• He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
• to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼

39 litigants   

n.诉讼当事人( litigant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Litigants of the two parties may reconcile of their own accord. 双方当事人可以自行和解。 来自口语例句
• The litigants may appeal against a judgment or a ruling derived from the retrial. 当事人可就重审案件的判决或裁定进行上诉。 来自口语例句

40 derived   

vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取

参考例句：

• Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》

41 impartial   

adj.(in,to)公正的，无偏见的

参考例句：

• He gave an impartial view of the state of affairs in Ireland.他对爱尔兰的事态发表了公正的看法。
• Careers officers offer impartial advice to all pupils.就业指导员向所有学生提供公正无私的建议。

42 alleged   

a.被指控的，嫌疑的

参考例句：

• It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
• alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

43 acquitted   

宣判…无罪( acquit的过去式和过去分词 )； 使（自己）作出某种表现

参考例句：

• The jury acquitted him of murder. 陪审团裁决他谋杀罪不成立。
• Five months ago she was acquitted on a shoplifting charge. 五个月前她被宣判未犯入店行窃罪。

44 concurrently   

adv.同时地

参考例句：

• He was given two twelve month sentences to run concurrently. 他两罪均判12个月监禁，同期执行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He was given two prison sentences, to run concurrently. 他两罪均判监禁，同期执行。 来自辞典例句

45 impartially   

adv.公平地，无私地

参考例句：

• Employers must consider all candidates impartially and without bias. 雇主必须公平而毫无成见地考虑所有求职者。
• We hope that they're going to administer justice impartially. 我们希望他们能主持正义，不偏不倚。

46 indictment   

n.起诉；诉状

参考例句：

• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
• They issued an indictment against them.他们起诉了他们。

47 infringing   

v.违反（规章等）( infringe的现在分词 )；侵犯（某人的权利）；侵害（某人的自由、权益等）

参考例句：

• The material can be copied without infringing copyright. 这份材料可以复制，不会侵犯版权。
• The media is accused of infringing on people's privacy. 人们指责媒体侵犯了大家的隐私。 来自《简明英汉词典》