2023年经济学人 企业家庭消费疲软, 日本三季度经济萎缩

企业家庭消费疲软, 日本三季度经济萎缩

The world this week--Business

本周国际要闻--商业

Japan’s economy shrank by 2.1% on an annualised basis in the third quarter, or by 0.5% on the previous quarter, amid weak household consumption and business spending. 在家庭消费和企业支出疲软的情况下，日本经济第三季度按年率计算下降了2.1%，与前一季度相比，跌幅为0.5%。

The contraction¹ suggests that inflation, running at an annual rate of 3%, which is high by Japanese standards, is starting to cut into domestic demand. 日本的经济萎缩表明，3%的年通货膨胀率(按日本的标准看偏高)正在开始削减国内需求。

That complicates² the central bank’s path to ending its massive monetary³ stimulus⁴ programme and policy of negative interest rates, which markets expect it to start undoing⁵ in the coming months.

这会使日本央行结束大规模货币刺激计划与负利率政策的道路复杂化。市场预计日本央行将在未来几个月开始取消这些计划与政策。

Markets were cheered by news that America’s annual inflation rate dipped to 3.2% in October, the first decline in four months. 美国10月份的年通货膨胀率降至3.2%，这是四个月来的首次下降，这一消息令市场欢欣鼓舞。

Core inflation, which excludes energy and food prices, also slowed, to 4%. 不包括能源和食品价格在内的的核心通胀率也降至4%。

In Britain annual inflation plunged⁶ from 6.7% in September to 4.6% in October, the lowest rate in two years.

英国的年通货膨胀率从9月份的6.7%骤降至10月份的4.6%，为两年来的最低水平。

After a dismal⁷ few months, America’s main stockmarkets have roared back in November, as investors⁸ bet that lower inflation makes it more likely that central banks have finished raising interest rates.

在经历了数月的低迷后，美国主要股市在11月份又开始反弹，因为投资者押注通胀降低使央行更有可能完成加息。

Nvidia unveiled its latest superchip for generative artificial intelligence, the H200. 英伟达推出了最新的用于生成式人工智能的超级芯片H200。

Delivering 141 gigabytes of memory at 4.8 terabytes per second, it has nearly double the capacity of its predecessor⁹ chip. 超级芯片H200的处理速度是4.8TB/秒，拥有141GB的内存，其容量几乎是前代芯片的两倍。

The company expects revenue this quarter to increase by 170%, year on year. 英伟达预计本季度收入将同比增长170%。

Its share price is up by 240% since the start of January.

自1月初以来，英伟达股价上涨了240%。

Novo Nordisk’s stock surged after the company released the full results from a study showing that its weight-loss drug, Wegovy, reduces the risk of having a heart attack, stroke or dying by 20% in patients at risk of cardiovascular disease.

诺和诺德公司公布了一项减肥药的全部研究结果后股价飙升。这项研究显示，其减肥药Wegovy可将心血管病人患心脏病、中风或死亡的风险降低20%。

The mining industry saw its biggest deal in years, when a consortium led by Glencore agreed to pay $9bn for the steelmaking coal business of Teck Resources. 矿业迎来了多年来最大的一笔交易：一个由嘉能可(Glencore)牵头的财团同意斥资90亿美元收购泰克资源（Teck Resources）的炼钢煤炭业务。

The Swiss commodities company is taking a 77% stake, with Nippon Steel of Japan and POSCO of South Korea owning the rest. 这家瑞士大宗商品公司将持有77%的股份，其余股份由日本新日铁(Nippon Steel)和韩国浦项制铁(POSCO)持有。

Glencore will eventually merge¹⁰ its existing coal business with its new assets and spin off the new entity¹¹ on the stockmarket.

嘉能可最终将会把现有的煤炭业务与新资产合并，并将这个新的企业实体分拆上市。

Prices for the coking coal used in steelmaking have risen sharply this year.

用于炼钢的焦煤价格今年大幅上涨。

A private-equity group took a controlling stake in Joe & the Juice, a fast-growing purveyor¹² of sandwiches, organic juices and health shakes to the hipster crowd. 一家私募股权集团获得了Joe & the Juice的控股权。Joe & the Juice是一家快速增长的、向潮人提供三明治、有机果汁和健康奶昔的供应商。

The firm started in Denmark in 2002 and now has 360 stores around the world in the usual hipster hotspots, such as London, New York, San Francisco and Stockholm.

这家公司于2002年在丹麦成立，目前在伦敦、纽约、旧金山和斯德哥尔摩等常见的时尚热点地区拥有360家门店。

Foxconn warned that its revenues will fall slightly in 2023, even though it managed to post a surprise 11% rise in net profit in the latest quarter, year on year.

富士康警告称其2023年的营收将略有下降，尽管最近一个季度的净利润同比意外增长了11%。

The electronics contract manufacturer gets a big chunk¹³ of its income from Apple and sales of the new iPhone 15 have been lower than expected, especially in China.

这家电子产品合同制造商的很大一部分营收来自苹果，而新款iPhone 15的销量却低于预期，尤其是在中国。

1 contraction   

n.缩略词，缩写式，害病

参考例句：

• The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。
• The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。

2 complicates   

使复杂化( complicate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• What complicates the issue is the burden of history. 历史的重负使问题复杂化了。
• Russia as a great and ambitious power gravely complicates the situation. 俄国作为一个强大而有野心的国家，使得局势异常复杂。

3 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

4 stimulus   

n.刺激，刺激物，促进因素，引起兴奋的事物

参考例句：

• Regard each failure as a stimulus to further efforts.把每次失利看成对进一步努力的激励。
• Light is a stimulus to growth in plants.光是促进植物生长的一个因素。

5 undoing   

n.毁灭的原因，祸根；破坏，毁灭

参考例句：

• That one mistake was his undoing. 他一失足即成千古恨。
• This hard attitude may have led to his undoing. 可能就是这种强硬的态度导致了他的垮台。

6 plunged   

v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 )；暴跌；骤降；突降

参考例句：

• The train derailed and plunged into the river. 火车脱轨栽进了河里。
• She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. 她没有站稳，从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。

7 dismal   

adj.阴沉的，凄凉的，令人忧郁的，差劲的

参考例句：

• That is a rather dismal melody.那是一支相当忧郁的歌曲。
• My prospects of returning to a suitable job are dismal.我重新找到一个合适的工作岗位的希望很渺茫。

8 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

9 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

10 merge   

v.(使)结合，(使)合并，(使)合为一体

参考例句：

• I can merge my two small businesses into a large one.我可以将我的两家小商店合并为一家大商行。
• The directors have decided to merge the two small firms together.董事们已决定把这两家小商号归并起来。

11 entity   

n.实体，独立存在体，实际存在物

参考例句：

• The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。
• As a separate legal entity,the corporation must pay taxes.作为一个独立的法律实体，公司必须纳税。

12 purveyor   

n.承办商，伙食承办商

参考例句：

• Silence, purveyor of gossip, do not spread that report. 快别那样说，新闻记者阁下，别散布那个消息。 来自互联网
• Teaching purpose: To comprehensively understand the role function and consciousness composition of a news purveyor. 教学目的：全面深入的理解新闻传播者的角色功能和意识构成。 来自互联网

13 chunk   

n.厚片，大块，相当大的部分（数量）

参考例句：

• They had to be careful of floating chunks of ice.他们必须当心大块浮冰。
• The company owns a chunk of farmland near Gatwick Airport.该公司拥有盖特威克机场周边的大片农田。