2023年经济学人 以色列和哈马斯同意临时停火

以色列和哈马斯同意临时停火

The world this week--Politics

本周国际要闻--政治

Israel and Hamas agreed to a temporary truce¹ in order to facilitate the freeing of some hostages who were captured by Hamas during its terrorist attack on Israel on October 7th and taken to Gaza. 哈马斯在10月7日对以色列发动恐怖袭击，为了促成哈马斯释放在此期间俘获并带到加沙的一些人质，以色列和哈马斯同意暂时休战。

The deal, brokered² by Qatar, will also release 150 Palestinian prisoners from Israeli jails, all of them either women or teenagers.

在卡塔尔的斡旋下，这项协议还将释放以色列监狱中的150名巴勒斯坦囚犯，这些囚犯要么是女性，要么是青少年。

Negotiations³ over the details delayed the release of the hostages until at least November 24th. 有关细节的谈判将释放人质至少推迟到11月24日。

The deal will also allow more aid into Gaza.

这项协议还将允许更多援助进入加沙。

Israel carried out further strikes on southern Lebanon, killing⁴ four members of Hamas and five Hizbullah militants⁵.

以色列进一步对黎巴嫩南部发动袭击，导致4名哈马斯成员和5名真主党激进分子死亡。

A Lebanese broadcaster said two of its journalists were also killed.

黎巴嫩一家广播公司表示，该公司的两名记者也被杀害。

Israel has intensified⁶ its attacks on Hizbullah targets in response to the Iranian-supported militia⁷ stepping up its rocket attacks.

以色列加强了对真主党目标的袭击，作为对伊朗支持的民兵组织(真主党)加强火箭弹袭击的回应。

Yemen’s Houthi rebels boarded and seized a British-owned and Japanese-operated cargo⁸ ship in the Red Sea, claiming it was linked to Israel. 也门胡塞叛军在红海扣押了一艘英国所有、日本经营的货船，声称这艘货船与以色列有关。

The attack by the Iranian-backed group has raised concerns over the security of a vital sea route that carries 40% of Europe’s trade with Asia.

这个伊朗支持的组织(胡塞叛军)发动的袭击引发了人们对这条重要海上航线安全的担忧，这条航线承载着欧洲与亚洲40%的贸易。

Israel recalled its ambassador from South Africa, following an escalation⁹ in tensions between the two countries over the war in Gaza. 以色列召回了驻南非大使，此前, 两国因加沙战争而导致紧张局势升级。

South Africa, along with four other countries, has asked the International Criminal Court to investigate what they allege¹⁰ are Israeli war crimes in Gaza.

南非和其他四个国家要求国际刑事法庭调查他们所指控的以色列在加沙犯下的战争罪行。

The effort by Zambia to restructure its debt hit a bump when a deal it had struck with bondholders was rejected by China and France, highlighting the difficulty in getting private and official creditors¹¹ to agree on debt relief. 赞比亚与债券持有人达成的一项协议遭到中国和法国的拒绝，赞比亚重组债务的努力遭遇挫折，这突显出让私人债权人和官方债权人在债务减免上达成一致的难度。

The setback¹² raises doubts about whether other African countries such as Ghana will be able to resolve their own debt troubles.

这一挫折使人们怀疑加纳等其他非洲国家是否有能力解决自己的债务问题。

Liberia’s president, George Weah, conceded defeat to Joseph Boakai, his rival in a recent presidential run-off.

利比里亚总统乔治·维阿承认在最近的总统决选中败给对手约瑟夫·博阿凯。

Mr Weah’s concession¹³ ends worries about post-electoral violence in Liberia’s second democratic transfer of power since 1944.

乔治·维阿承认败选结束了人们对大选后发生暴力的担忧，这是利比里亚自1944年以来的第二次民主权力交接。

The Dutch election produced a shock result, as the Party for Freedom (PVV) led by Geert Wilders, a veteran far-right politician, won the most seats in parliament. 荷兰大选的结果令人震惊，由资深极右翼政治家基尔特·威尔德斯领导的自由党赢得了议会中最多的席位。

Mr Wilders has pledged to halt a “tsunami of asylum¹⁴ and immigration” to the Netherlands but may find it difficult to form a coalition¹⁶ with the mainstream¹⁷ parties. 基尔特·威尔德斯承诺阻止“避难和移民的海啸”涌入荷兰，但自由党可能很难与主流政党组成联合政府。

The conservative party of the outgoing prime minister, Mark Rutte, came third; he is leaving office after 13 years in power.

由即将离任的首相马克·吕特领导的保守党位居第三；马克·吕特在执政13年后即将卸任。

Britain’s official figure for net migration¹⁵ in 2022 was revised sharply upwards¹⁸, from 606,000 to 745,000. 英国官方公布的2022年净移民人数经修正后大幅上涨，从60.6万人增加至74.5万人。

For the 12 months ending June 2023 the figure was given as 672,000. 在截至2023年6月的12个月里，移民人数为67.2万。

The statisticians think the “more recent estimates indicate a slowing of immigration coupled with increasing emigration.”

统计学家认为，“最近的估计数字表明，移民放缓与移民增加并存。”

1 truce   

n.休战，(争执，烦恼等的)缓和；v.以停战结束

参考例句：

• The hot weather gave the old man a truce from rheumatism.热天使这位老人暂时免受风湿病之苦。
• She had thought of flying out to breathe the fresh air in an interval of truce.她想跑出去呼吸一下休战期间的新鲜空气。

2 brokered   

adj.由权力经纪人安排（或控制）的v.做掮客（或中人等）( broker的过去式和过去分词 )；作为权力经纪人进行谈判；以中间人等身份安排…

参考例句：

• a peace plan brokered by the UN 由联合国出面协商的和平计划
• Your husband brokered the deal to go in, transfrer the assets and get our man out. 你丈夫后来插了一脚，把生意都抢了过去，我们的人也被挤了出来。 来自电影对白

3 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

4 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

5 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

6 intensified   

v.（使）增强， （使）加剧( intensify的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Violence intensified during the night. 在夜间暴力活动加剧了。
• The drought has intensified. 旱情加剧了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 militia   

n.民兵，民兵组织

参考例句：

• First came the PLA men,then the people's militia.人民解放军走在前面，其次是民兵。
• There's a building guarded by the local militia at the corner of the street.街道拐角处有一幢由当地民兵团守卫的大楼。

8 cargo   

n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物

参考例句：

• The ship has a cargo of about 200 ton.这条船大约有200吨的货物。
• A lot of people discharged the cargo from a ship.许多人从船上卸下货物。

9 escalation   

n.扩大，增加

参考例句：

• The threat of nuclear escalation remains. 核升级的威胁仍旧存在。 来自辞典例句
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。 来自辞典例句

10 allege   

vt.宣称，申述，主张，断言

参考例句：

• The newspaper reporters allege that the man was murdered but they have given no proof.新闻记者们宣称这个男人是被谋杀的，但他们没提出证据。
• Students occasionally allege illness as the reason for absence.学生时不时会称病缺课。

11 creditors   

n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• They agreed to repay their creditors over a period of three years. 他们同意3年内向债主还清欠款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Creditors could obtain a writ for the arrest of their debtors. 债权人可以获得逮捕债务人的令状。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 setback   

n.退步，挫折，挫败

参考例句：

• Since that time there has never been any setback in his career.从那时起他在事业上一直没有遇到周折。
• She views every minor setback as a disaster.她把每个较小的挫折都看成重大灾难。

13 concession   

n.让步，妥协；特许(权)

参考例句：

• We can not make heavy concession to the matter.我们在这个问题上不能过于让步。
• That is a great concession.这是很大的让步。

14 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

15 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

16 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

17 mainstream   

n.（思想或行为的）主流；adj.主流的

参考例句：

• Their views lie outside the mainstream of current medical opinion.他们的观点不属于当今医学界观点的主流。
• Polls are still largely reflects the mainstream sentiment.民调还在很大程度上反映了社会主流情绪。

18 upwards   

adv.向上，在更高处...以上

参考例句：

• The trend of prices is still upwards.物价的趋向是仍在上涨。
• The smoke rose straight upwards.烟一直向上升。