美国小学英语教材6:第239课 森林产品(4)

In making leather from raw hides, the tannin used is obtained from the wood and bark of hemlock¹ and oak.

在通过生皮革制作皮革的过程中，使用的鞣酸是从木头，铁杉和橡树树皮中获得的，

It is this tannin which makes leather durable² and soft.

鞣酸让皮革更加柔软，更耐用。

During the summer the bark is peeled from the trees and taken to factories where the tannin is taken out.

在夏天，我们会从树上削树皮，之后进入工厂提取鞣酸。

At one time the tanbark industry was so important that in the eastern United States hemlock trees were cut and stripped for the bark alone,

一度，树木产业非常重要，在美国东部，铁杉只用于采集树皮，

the wood being left to rot. Now the scarcity³ of hemlock trees and the use of other tannin materials have made the industry much less important.

剩下的木头只能腐烂，如今铁杉十分稀有，用其它材料制成的鞣酸让产业的重要性降低。

A great deal of wood is used for the manufacture of barrels, casks, tubs, and kegs. For these purposes, red oak, white oak, cypress⁴,

大量木材被用来制作木桶，酒桶，木盆和小桶，为了制作这些物品，红橡树，白橡树，柏树，

and gum are most frequently used. Excelsior is still another valuable forest product; it is used for shipping⁵ fragile material and even for making mattresses⁶ and rugs.

以及树脂都是经常使用的东西，细刨花是另外一个珍贵的森林产品，它用来运输易碎的材料，甚至制作床垫和垫子。

Basswood makes the best excelsior, but cotton wood, poplar, and white pine are also used. The uses of wood are far from ended: paper pulp⁷, spools⁸,

椴树是制作细刨花的最好材料，但白杨，杨树以及北美乔松也经常拿来使用，树木的用途远不止如此，纸浆，线轴，

box boards, willow⁹ ware¹⁰, toys, implements¹¹, tool handles, shuttles, a list would take up many pages. Indeed, over four thousand separate uses for wood have been listed.

箱板，藤制品，玩具，工具，刀柄，梭子，产品清单可以有很多页，我们列举了超四千种树木用途。

One other product of the forest is important enough to mention here, the Christmas tree. For the Christmas tree is the great winter crop of the forest,

另一个值得一提的重要森林产品是圣诞树，圣诞树是冬天森林的最好作物，

and it is one of the forest's oldest gifts. Its history extends so far back that its origin is hard to trace. Some say the custom arose with the Egyptians,

也是森林最古老的礼物之一，它的历史很久远，已很难追溯源头，有些人说这一传统来自埃及人，

who each year in December decorated their doors with branches of the date palm. Or, it may be connected with the great tree of Norse mythology¹²,

每年的12月份，他们会用海枣树树枝装饰房门，或者与挪威神话中大树有关，

the Tree of Time within whose roots and branches Heaven and Earth are bound.

时光之树的树根和树枝与天地缠绕。

1 hemlock   

n.毒胡萝卜，铁杉

参考例句：

• He was condemned to drink a cup of hemlock.判处他喝一杯毒汁。
• Here is a beech by the side of a hemlock,with three pines at hand.这儿有株山毛榉和一株铁杉长在一起，旁边还有三株松树。

2 durable   

adj.持久的，耐久的

参考例句：

• This raincoat is made of very durable material.这件雨衣是用非常耐用的料子做的。
• They frequently require more major durable purchases.他们经常需要购买耐用消费品。

3 scarcity   

n.缺乏，不足，萧条

参考例句：

• The scarcity of skilled workers is worrying the government.熟练工人的缺乏困扰着政府。
• The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought.水果供不应求是由于干旱造成的。

4 cypress   

n.柏树

参考例句：

• The towering pine and cypress trees defy frost and snow.松柏参天傲霜雪。
• The pine and the cypress remain green all the year round.苍松翠柏，常绿不凋。

5 shipping   

n.船运（发货，运输，乘船）

参考例句：

• We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
• There's a shipping charge of ￡5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。

6 mattresses   

褥垫，床垫( mattress的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The straw mattresses are airing there. 草垫子正在那里晾着。
• The researchers tested more than 20 mattresses of various materials. 研究人员试验了二十多个不同材料的床垫。

7 pulp   

n.果肉，纸浆；v.化成纸浆，除去...果肉，制成纸浆

参考例句：

• The pulp of this watermelon is too spongy.这西瓜瓤儿太肉了。
• The company manufactures pulp and paper products.这个公司制造纸浆和纸产品。

8 spools   

n.（绕线、铁线、照相软片等的）管( spool的名词复数 )；络纱；纺纱机；绕圈轴工人v.把…绕到线轴上（或从线轴上绕下来）( spool的第三人称单数 )；假脱机（输出或输入）

参考例句：

• I bought three spools of thread at the store. 我在这个店里买了三轴线。 来自辞典例句
• How many spools of thread did you use? 你用了几轴线？ 来自辞典例句

9 willow   

n.柳树

参考例句：

• The river was sparsely lined with willow trees.河边疏疏落落有几棵柳树。
• The willow's shadow falls on the lake.垂柳的影子倒映在湖面上。

10 ware   

n.(常用复数)商品，货物

参考例句：

• The shop sells a great variety of porcelain ware.这家店铺出售品种繁多的瓷器。
• Good ware will never want a chapman.好货不须叫卖。

11 implements   

n.工具( implement的名词复数 )；家具；手段；[法律]履行（契约等）v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• Primitive man hunted wild animals with crude stone implements. 原始社会的人用粗糙的石器猎取野兽。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• They ordered quantities of farm implements. 他们订购了大量农具。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

12 mythology   

n.神话，神话学，神话集

参考例句：

• In Greek mythology,Zeus was the ruler of Gods and men.在希腊神话中，宙斯是众神和人类的统治者。
• He is the hero of Greek mythology.他是希腊民间传说中的英雄。