美国国家公共电台 NPR 退休制度改革引发全国大罢工 法国陷入瘫痪

Strikes and protests paralyzed much of France today over a plan where details haven't even been released. President Emmanuel Macron wants to overhaul¹ the country's retirement² system. Major unions in France's left-wing parties have vowed³ to fight whatever he proposes. They're hoping today's protests will turn into weeks of gridlock and force the government to back down. NPR's Eleanor Beardsley reports from Paris.

ELEANOR BEARDSLEY, BYLINE⁴: Nurses, pilots, teachers and train drivers were just some of the hundreds of thousands who walked off the job and into the streets to protest Macron's plans to simplify the nation's complex pension system. Unions say more than a million people took part in the nationwide protests.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

UNIDENTIFIED CROWD: (Singing in French).

BEARDSLEY: In Paris, marchers made their way through the city, chanting and carrying signs with slogans like, real revolt, fake deficit⁵. Documentary filmmaker Phillippe Pichon was one of them.

PHILIPPE PICHON: (Through interpreter) I'm out here against this government, which has little by little dismantled⁶ everything French society has built up since World War II — unemployment insurance, retirement, health care. Macron is managing France like a company on the stock exchange.

BEARDSLEY: Members of Macron's government appeared on TV...

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

UNIDENTIFIED OFFICIAL: (Speaking French).

BEARDSLEY: ...Trying to assure viewers the overhaul would be equitable⁷ and would even benefit those penalized⁸ under the current system, like women on maternity⁹ leave. Gilles LeGendre is head of the president's party in the National Assembly.

(SOUNDBITE OF ARCHIVED RECORDING)

GILLES LEGENDRE: (Speaking French).

BEARDSLEY: The goal of this reform is to unify¹⁰ the 42 different plans into one, he said, and to make sure once and for all that our retirement system is not subject to debt and the whims¹¹ of the financial markets. The government has said it won't increase the retirement age. Still, retired¹² engineer Christian¹³ Jeannot says he's having none of it.

CHRISTIAN JEANNOT: (Through interpreter) Considering what Macron's already done to social rights, this gives us a good idea of what he's going to do with our retirement. He's given millions to billionaires, and he wants to take away what little the working class has.

(SOUNDBITE OF CHEERING)

BEARDSLEY: The crowd cheers as several men climb onto a rooftop and unfurl a banner. It says, big revolutions are born from little miseries¹⁴.

(SOUNDBITE OF PROTEST AMBIENCE)

BEARDSLEY: The procession is blocked at Place de la Republique, where police confront young men clearly spoiling for a fight.

(SOUNDBITE OF TEAR GAS CANISTER EXPLODING)

BEARDSLEY: The air soon becomes thick with tear gas, and a large fire burns on a side street. Violence seems to have become a regular part of protest marches since the yellow vest movement last year. Protester Michel Robert wanted the crowd to push through the police line.

MICHEL ROBERT: The police is blocking every place, and we cannot demonstrate, and it's why everyone is going all around. And so we are saying, like, please just let us go and demonstrate as we have the right to do.

BEARDSLEY: The police say they made more than 90 arrests after the violence, but just a few blocks away, people were going about their day oblivious¹⁵ to the chaos¹⁶. Twenty-three-year-old Marie Vanier was just trying to get to her theater class.

MARIE VANIER: So I've been walking for two hours because there is a strike going on. I actually have no idea what's going on, but I think it's a strike of people on the subway for sure.

BEARDSLEY: Macron's government says it's determined¹⁷ to improve the retirement system. The unions have extended their strike through Monday.

Eleanor Beardsley, NPR News, Paris.

今天，因一项计划引发的罢工和抗议导致法国大部分地区陷入瘫痪，不过目前详细情况还未公布。法国总统埃马纽埃尔·马克龙希望改革该国的退休制度。法国左翼政党的主要工会誓要对抗马克龙提出的任何提案。他们希望今天的抗议活动能演变为持续数周的僵局，以迫使政府让步。NPR新闻的埃莉诺·比尔兹利将从巴黎带来详细报道。

埃莉诺·比尔兹利连线：包括护士、飞行员、教师和火车司机在内，数十万名民众罢工并走上街头，抗议马克龙简化法国复杂养老金系统的计划。工会表示，超过100万人参加了这场全国性抗议。

（录音档案）

身份不明的人群：（用外语高歌）。

比尔兹利：在巴黎，游行者举着写有“真实反抗，虚假赤字”等标语的标牌穿越城市，同时高喊口号。纪录片导演菲利普·皮雄是其中一名抗议者。

菲利普·皮雄：（经过翻译）我参加抗议是为了反对本届政府，因为他们一点点地摧毁了二战后建立的法国社会的一切——失业保险、退休制度和医保。马克龙治理法国的方式就像管理一家在股票交易所挂牌的公司。

比尔兹利：马克龙政府的工作人员在电视上发表讲话……

（录音档案）

身份不明的官员：（用法语讲话）。

比尔兹利：试图向观众保证，改革将是公平的，甚至会令那些在现有制度下处于不利地位的人受益，比如休产假的女性。吉尔斯·勒让德是法国国民大会马克龙政党的领袖。

（录音档案）

吉尔斯·勒让德：（用法语讲话）。

比尔兹利：他说，这一改革的目标是将42份不同计划整合为一份，以一劳永逸地确保我们的退休制度不会遭受债务和金融市场不确定性的影响。政府表示，他们不会提高退休年龄。但是，退休工程师克里斯蒂安·雅诺表示，他不会接受。

克里斯蒂安·雅诺：（经过翻译）想想马克龙对社会权利所做的改革，这使我们很清楚他会对我们的退休制度做什么。他已经令亿万富翁获益数百万元，现在他还想夺走工薪阶层仅有的福利。

（欢呼声）

比尔兹利：多名男子爬上房顶拉起横幅时，人群爆发出阵阵欢呼。横幅上写着：重大变革诞生于微小痛苦。

（抗议现场录音）

比尔兹利：游行队伍在共和国广场遇阻，因为警方与年轻男性的对抗演变为冲突。

（催泪瓦斯罐爆炸的声音）

比尔兹利：因为催泪瓦斯，空气迅速变得厚重，而且街边燃起大火。自去年爆发“黄背心”运动以来，暴力似乎已成为游行抗议的常态。抗议者迈克尔·罗伯特希望人群冲过警戒线。

迈克尔·罗伯特：警方在各个地方进行封锁，导致我们不能示威，这就是所有人都在到处走的原因。我们的想法是，请让我们进行示威，因为这是我们的权利。

比尔兹利：警方表示，暴力事件发生后，他们逮捕了90多人，但就在几个街区之外的地方，人们仍过着正常的生活，而且并不知道这些骚乱事件。23岁的玛丽·凡尼尔正试图去上戏剧课。

玛丽·凡尼尔：因为罢工，我要走两个小时。实际上我并不知道发生了什么，但我确定地铁工作人员在进行罢工。

比尔兹利：马克龙领导的政府表示，他们决心改进退休制度。工会已将罢工行动延长至周一。

NPR新闻，埃莉诺·比尔兹利巴黎报道。

1 overhaul   

v./n.大修，仔细检查

参考例句：

• Master Worker Wang is responsible for the overhaul of this grinder.王师傅主修这台磨床。
• It is generally appreciated that the rail network needs a complete overhaul.众所周知，铁路系统需要大检修。

2 retirement   

n.退休，退职

参考例句：

• She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
• I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。

3 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

4 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

5 deficit   

n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差

参考例句：

• The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
• We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。

6 dismantled   

拆开( dismantle的过去式和过去分词 )； 拆卸； 废除； 取消

参考例句：

• The plant was dismantled of all its equipment and furniture. 这家工厂的设备和家具全被拆除了。
• The Japanese empire was quickly dismantled. 日本帝国很快被打垮了。

7 equitable   

adj.公平的；公正的

参考例句：

• This is an equitable solution to the dispute. 这是对该项争议的公正解决。
• Paying a person what he has earned is equitable. 酬其应得,乃公平之事。

8 penalized   

对…予以惩罚( penalize的过去式和过去分词 )； 使处于不利地位

参考例句：

• You will be penalized for poor spelling. 你拼写不好将会受到处罚。
• Team members will be penalized for lateness. 队员迟到要受处罚。

9 maternity   

n.母性，母道，妇产科病房；adj.孕妇的，母性的

参考例句：

• Women workers are entitled to maternity leave with full pay.女工产假期间工资照发。
• Trainee nurses have to work for some weeks in maternity.受训的护士必须在产科病房工作数周。

10 unify   

vt.使联合，统一；使相同，使一致

参考例句：

• How can we unify such scattered islands into a nation?我们怎么才能把如此分散的岛屿统一成一个国家呢？
• It is difficult to imagine how the North and South could ever agree on a formula to unify the divided peninsula.很难想象南北双方在统一半岛的方案上究竟怎样才能达成一致。

11 WHIMS   

虚妄，禅病

参考例句：

• The mate observed regretfully that he could not account for that young fellow's whims. 那位伙伴很遗憾地说他不能说出那年轻人产生怪念头的原因。
• The rest she had for food and her own whims. 剩下的钱她用来吃饭和买一些自己喜欢的东西。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

12 retired   

adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的

参考例句：

• The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。
• Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。

13 Christian   

adj.基督教徒的；n.基督教徒

参考例句：

• They always addressed each other by their Christian name.他们总是以教名互相称呼。
• His mother is a sincere Christian.他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒。

14 miseries   

n.痛苦( misery的名词复数 )；痛苦的事；穷困；常发牢骚的人

参考例句：

• They forgot all their fears and all their miseries in an instant. 他们马上忘记了一切恐惧和痛苦。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• I'm suffering the miseries of unemployment. 我正为失业而痛苦。 来自《简明英汉词典》

15 oblivious   

adj.易忘的，遗忘的，忘却的，健忘的

参考例句：

• Mother has become quite oblivious after the illness.这次病后，妈妈变得特别健忘。
• He was quite oblivious of the danger.他完全没有察觉到危险。

16 chaos   

n.混乱，无秩序

参考例句：

• After the failure of electricity supply the city was in chaos.停电后，城市一片混乱。
• The typhoon left chaos behind it.台风后一片混乱。

17 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。