美国国家公共电台 NPR 阿富汗与塔利班的和谈陷入僵局

Afghan peace talks began back on Sept. 12, but they have been stalled for weeks now over a Taliban demand that has put many Afghans on edge. NPR's Diaa Hadid reports.

阿富汗和谈于9月12日开启，但由于塔利班的要求使许多阿富汗人感到紧张，谈判已经停滞数周。NPR新闻的迪亚·哈迪德将带来详细报道。

DIAA HADID, BYLINE¹: Only days into the negotiations², the Taliban and Afghan government hit an impasse³. Andrew Watkins is a senior researcher with the International Crisis Group.

迪亚·哈迪德连线：谈判启动仅几天后，塔利班和阿富汗政府就陷入了僵局。安德鲁·沃特金斯是国际危机组织的高级研究员。

ANDREW WATKINS: Ironically, the two sides have reached a deadlock⁴ about what set of rules to refer to when they reach a deadlock.

安德鲁·沃特金斯：讽刺的是，陷入僵局的原因是双方在僵持不下时应参照哪种规则产生了分歧。

HADID: Yes, the Taliban asked that a specific version of Islamic law be used to resolve any conflict that arises during the talks. It's a version of Islamic law that's followed by most Afghan Sunni Muslims, and it's called the Hanafi school. But government negotiators argue this form of Islamic law excludes Shiites, and they're a large minority in Afghanistan. This early hurdle⁵ has exposed a key issue that negotiators have to resolve. What is the future identity of the Afghan state? Elizabeth Threlkeld is a senior fellow and the South Asia deputy director at the Washington-based Stimson Center.

哈迪德：没错，塔利班要求用特定版本的伊斯兰法来解决谈判中出现的任何冲突。这是大多数阿富汗逊尼派穆斯林所遵循的伊斯兰法的一个版本，被称为哈纳菲学派。但阿富汗政府谈判代表认为，这种形式的伊斯兰法将什叶派排除在外，而什叶派是阿富汗人数众多的少数民族。这一早期障碍暴露了谈判人员必须解决的一个关键问题。即阿富汗这个国家未来的身份是什么？伊丽莎白·思雷尔科德是华盛顿智库史汀生中心的高级研究员和南亚区副主任。

ELIZABETH THRELKELD: This is a debate about whose views are represented and included in the future Afghan states and, specifically, how the rights of minority groups will be protected.

伊丽莎白·思雷尔科德：这是一场关于哪方观点在未来的阿富汗国家中得以体现和纳入的辩论，特别是少数群体的权利将如何得到保护。

HADID: And already, it sparked fears among Afghans that the Taliban want to go back to the days of their rule in the '90s, when they persecuted⁶ Shiites. This is Mehdi Hakimi. He's an expert on Afghan law and the executive director of the Rule of Law program at Stanford Law School. He says the Taliban's demand...

哈迪德：这已经在阿富汗人中引发了恐惧，他们担心塔利班想要回到其统治阿富汗并迫害什叶派的90年代。以下是马赫迪·哈基米所说。 他是阿富汗法律专家，也是斯坦福法学院法治项目的执行主任。他说塔利班的要求……

MEHDI HAKIMI: ...Is unfortunately eerily⁷ similar to the language and ideology⁸ behind the persecution⁹ and even massacres¹⁰ of religious and ethnic¹¹ minorities in Afghanistan in the past.

哈基米：不幸的是，与过去在阿富汗迫害、甚至屠杀宗教少数派和少数民族背后的语言和意识形态极为相似。

HADID: A senior Taliban official who isn't authorized¹² to speak to the media insists that Shiites will be able to live by their own rules. But for these negotiations, they have to use this specific form of Islamic law. Andrew Watkins of the Crisis Group says this shows the Taliban don't really understand how Afghans perceive them after decades of war. But he adds...

哈迪德：一名塔利班高级官员坚称，什叶派将能够按照自己的规则生活，但这名官员未被授权接受媒体采访。但就谈判而言，他们必须使用这一特殊形式的伊斯兰法。国际危机组织的安德鲁·沃特金斯表示，这表明塔利班并不真正理解阿富汗人在经历了数十年的战争后是如何看待他们的。但他补充说，

WATKINS: It is a good thing that both sides are confronted very early on with just how concerned or fearful the other side is.

沃特金斯：这是件好事，因为双方很早就清楚对方有多担心或害怕。

HADID: He says it's also a good reminder¹³ to the negotiators and their backers that every step of the talks is likely to be this way.

哈迪德：他说，这也很好地提醒了谈判代表和他们的支持者，谈判的每一步可能都会是这种情况。

Diaa Hadid, NPR News, Islamabad.

NPR新闻，迪亚·哈迪德伊斯兰堡报道。

1 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

2 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

3 impasse   

n.僵局；死路

参考例句：

• The government had reached an impasse.政府陷入绝境。
• Negotiations seemed to have reached an impasse.谈判似乎已经陷入僵局。

4 deadlock   

n.僵局，僵持

参考例句：

• The negotiations reached a deadlock after two hours.两小时后，谈判陷入了僵局。
• The employers and strikers are at a deadlock over the wage.雇主和罢工者在工资问题上相持不下。

5 hurdle   

n.跳栏，栏架；障碍，困难；vi.进行跨栏赛

参考例句：

• The weather will be the biggest hurdle so I have to be ready.天气将会是最大的障碍，所以我必须要作好准备。
• She clocked 11.6 seconds for the 80 metre hurdle.八十米跳栏赛跑她跑了十一秒六。

6 persecuted   

（尤指宗教或政治信仰的）迫害(~sb. for sth.)( persecute的过去式和过去分词 )； 烦扰，困扰或骚扰某人

参考例句：

• Throughout history, people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs. 人们因宗教信仰而受迫害的情况贯穿了整个历史。
• Members of these sects are ruthlessly persecuted and suppressed. 这些教派的成员遭到了残酷的迫害和镇压。

7 eerily   

adv.引起神秘感或害怕地

参考例句：

• It was nearly mid-night and eerily dark all around her. 夜深了，到处是一片黑黝黝的怪影。 来自汉英文学 - 散文英译
• The vast volcanic slope was eerily reminiscent of a lunar landscape. 开阔的火山坡让人心生怪异地联想起月球的地貌。 来自辞典例句

8 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。

9 persecution   

n. 迫害,烦扰

参考例句：

• He had fled from France at the time of the persecution. 他在大迫害时期逃离了法国。
• Their persecution only serves to arouse the opposition of the people. 他们的迫害只激起人民对他们的反抗。

10 massacres   

大屠杀( massacre的名词复数 )； 惨败

参考例句：

• The time is past for guns and killings and massacres. 动不动就用枪、动不动就杀、大规模屠杀的时代已经过去了。 来自教父部分
• Numberless recent massacres were still vivid in their recollection. 近来那些不可胜数的屠杀，在他们的头脑中记忆犹新。

11 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

12 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

13 reminder   

n.提醒物，纪念品；暗示，提示

参考例句：

• I have had another reminder from the library.我又收到图书馆的催还单。
• It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent.总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知，她才付应该交的房租。