PBS高端访谈:为什么退欧对英国水产捕捞业来说是一件好事?

 　　JUDY WOODRUFF: But, first: There are reports that the United Kingdom's process to begin leaving the European Union may not begin until later next year, delaying the U.K.'s so-called Brexit.

　　The June vote to leave may have surprised many there, but it came as welcome news to the island nation's fishermen. They have long complained about European Union rules, and now they're hoping Brexit will help them revitalize a fishing industry they say was damaged by E.U. policy.

　　From Southwest England, special correspondent Jennifer Glasse reports.

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: Fishermen have brought their catches into Brixham Harbor since the Middle Ages, when it was the biggest fishing port in Southwest England.

　　The harbor and the fleet have changed over the centuries. And skipper Mike Sharp hopes there are more changes to come. That's why he voted for the U.K. to leave Europe.

　　MIKE SHARP, Skipper, "Emilia Jane": We have all the Dutch, and the French, and the Belgian fishermen, and mainly the Spanish as well coming to land to take our fish out of our waters, which we want to — you know, I think we still can let them come in, but we can decide how many comes in.

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: European Union-mandated quotas¹ stipulate² what kind and how many fish the trawlers can bring in. Sharp and other fishermen here claim the quotas favor boats from continental³ Europe. E.U. rules also limited the size of fishing fleets.

　　MIKE SHARP: When I started fishing 30 years ago, there was 60 beam trawlers, and now there's 17. So, I would like to see it built back up.

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: A larger fleet could mean hundreds more jobs for deck hands, engineers, welders⁴ and, onshore, processing, buying and selling fish.

　　Brixham Fish Market is already the largest on England's South Coast, handling about $35 million of annual trade. This market itself was modernized⁵ in part with E.U. funds.

　　PAUL MORTIMER, Brixham Trawler Agents: A lot of the fish we sell in England, we sell from this market here actually goes abroad. I think just because we're out of the E.U., I don't think they're going to stop buying our fish. They're still going to want our fish.

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: Fish buyer Steve Farrar says his children voted to stay in Europe because they want to be able to study and work there.

　　STEVE FARRAR, Fish Buyer: Oh, I don't want them that badly.

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: He voted to leave because he says it was a question of democracy vs. control from Europe.

　　STEVE FARRAR: I felt very much that if I couldn't vote somebody, a politician, in or out, I didn't want them making decisions over my life or my children's lives or my grandchildren's lives. And that was the fundamental issue, really.

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: Robert Simonetti exports fish and serves it at a local restaurant, including, what else, fish and chips. He doesn't think his out vote to leave will change much for his businesses.

　　ROBERT SIMONETTI, Restauranteur: For me, it was all the immigration thing. I think that's a big issue for everybody.

　　You know, we want control about who comes into our country, really, the people we don't want, the criminals. If you're coming here to work and you're going to be part of the community, we don't care what color you are, whether you're white, black or yellow.

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: Waitress Wendy Lanyon says any sacrifices made to leave Europe will be worth it.

　　WENDY LANYON, Waitress: I do believe we're going to — it's going to be hard for us as a country, but nothing like what they made out it was going to be. But we have survived before without being in the European Union. And we will survive again. I'm sure we will.

　　为什么退欧对英国水产捕捞业来说是一件好事?

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: Despite the anti-Europe sentiment here, this harbor town has deep historical ties with the continent.

　　Dutch Prince William of Orange landed here on the 5th of November, 1688, and he became the king of England, ruling alongside Queen Mary. Napoleon Bonaparte never actually set foot on land, but his ship was just offshore⁶ before he was sent into exile.

　　Over tea, local historian Edgar Lawrence says it's no surprise Britons voted to leave.

　　EDGAR LAWRENCE, Historian: I'm old enough to have voted for the common market, but what we got wasn't anything like what we had been told it was going to be. And it's just got worse and worse.

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: And what do you think Brexit will do for Brixham and Devon and Cornwall?

　　EDGAR LAWRENCE: Depends very much on the politicians. We know what we want it to do. Will they agree to everything we want, which Europe doesn't seem to want us to have?

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: The picturesque⁷ beaches of Devon and Cornwall counties attract tourists that bring in revenue, but not enough to keep the local economies afloat.

　　This area once produced tin and copper⁸ and china clay, but all you can see of the mines now are now abandoned shells. After the mines closed, there was a steady decline in manufacturing and other industries, leaving this one of the poorest areas in Europe.

　　Cornwall alone has received hundreds of millions of dollars in European aid, support that's now at risk.

　　The E.U. had pledged $650 million through 20 to Cornwall to continue to support new businesses, build infrastructure⁹ and complete high-speed Internet access to the region.

　　The head of the local county commission is trying to ensure the money keeps flowing, whether from Europe or the U.K. government.

　　JOHN POLLARD, Leader, Cornwall Council: I don't think the economic argument played a very big part in the decision. It was more on fear and a dislike of Brussels. People like to blame somebody for the ills of the country, and Brussels was getting the blame. So, it wasn't, in that sense, economically logical. It was very much a reaction vote.

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: One of Cornwall's poorest areas is Redruth. This food bank gives out free provisions to the needy¹⁰.

　　Vikki Rostron and her partner are both unemployed¹¹ and have six children between them. She has no interest in politics and didn't vote.

　　VIKKI ROSTRON, Redruth, Cornwall Resident: I didn't know enough about it to think about it, to be honest. It's not — it wasn't something I wanted to do, you know?

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: The food bank's founder¹² says the Brexit vote won't hurt Cornwall because European money has not produced the right kind of jobs since the local economy has evolved.

　　DONOVAN GARDNER, Food Bank Founder: Those jobs are not here anymore. And that — and they're still not here. Whether it's European money or British government money, those cyber-jobs are not here in Cornwall. And that's what we struggle with.

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: Some in Cornwall want the government to bring back heavy industry, not a viable¹³ prospect¹⁴. And European funds have been spent to create 21st century solutions to Cornwall's limitations.

　　JOHN POLLARD: A lot of that money is not visible, so it doesn't build a school or a sports center. It builds a road, or it builds a business park, or it helps to develop a digital industry. And people, the man in the street doesn't — they don't see that.

　　JENNIFER GLASSE: Back in Brixham, the fishermen head out to sea. They say they have done their part, persuading the country to vote to get out of Europe. Now it's up to the politicians.

　　Negotiations¹⁵ are expected to take two years or many more. The fishermen of Brixham hope officials in London and Brussels won't leave them high and dry.

　　Reporting for the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Jennifer Glasse in Brixham, England.

1 quotas   

（正式限定的）定量( quota的名词复数 )； 定额； 指标； 摊派

参考例句：

• In fulfilling the production quotas, John made rings round all his fellow workers. 约翰完成生产定额大大超过他的同事们。
• Quotas of the means of production are allocated by the higher administrative bodies to the lower ones. 物资指标按隶属关系分配。

2 stipulate   

vt.规定，（作为条件）讲定，保证

参考例句：

• International rules stipulate the number of foreign entrants.国际规则规定了外国参赛者的人数。
• Some manufacturers stipulate the price at which their goods are to be sold.有些制造商规定出售他们生产的商品的价格。

3 continental   

adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的

参考例句：

• A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
• The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。

4 welders   

n.焊接工( welder的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Fifty welders were declared redundant. 已公布削减五十名焊工。 来自辞典例句
• Arcs more readily than AC welders, with longer arcing. 起弧比交流电容易，电弧加长一倍。 来自互联网

5 modernized   

使现代化，使适应现代需要( modernize的过去式和过去分词 )； 现代化，使用现代方法

参考例句：

• By 1985 the entire railway network will have been modernized. 等到1985年整个铁路网就实现现代化了。
• He set about rebuilding France, and made it into a brilliant-looking modernized imperialism. 他试图重建法国，使它成为一项表面华丽的现代化帝业。

6 offshore   

adj.海面的，吹向海面的；adv.向海面

参考例句：

• A big program of oil exploration has begun offshore.一个大规模的石油勘探计划正在近海展开。
• A gentle current carried them slowly offshore.和缓的潮流慢慢地把他们带离了海岸。

7 picturesque   

adj.美丽如画的，（语言）生动的，绘声绘色的

参考例句：

• You can see the picturesque shores beside the river.在河边你可以看到景色如画的两岸。
• That was a picturesque phrase.那是一个形象化的说法。

8 copper   

n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的

参考例句：

• The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
• Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。

9 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

10 needy   

adj.贫穷的，贫困的，生活艰苦的

参考例句：

• Although he was poor,he was quite generous to his needy friends.他虽穷，但对贫苦的朋友很慷慨。
• They awarded scholarships to needy students.他们给贫苦学生颁发奖学金。

11 unemployed   

adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的

参考例句：

• There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
• The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。

12 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

13 viable   

adj.可行的，切实可行的，能活下去的

参考例句：

• The scheme is economically viable.这个计划从经济效益来看是可行的。
• The economy of the country is not viable.这个国家经济是难以维持的。

14 prospect   

n.前景，前途；景色，视野

参考例句：

• This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
• The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。

15 negotiations   

协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过

参考例句：

• negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
• Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。