PBS高端访谈:脸谱网用户隐私危机加深

JOHN YANG: Pressure on Facebook has been mounting for weeks, after news broke that tens of millions of users of the social media site had their personal information exploited in ways the company had not previously¹ acknowledged. Tensions over Facebook's business and breaches³ of user privacy are the focus of our weekly series on economics, Making Sense. Facebook's crisis of confidence with both its users and lawmakers is deepening with new revelations. The social media giant said it now believes that up to 87 million people, mostly in the United States, had their data improperly⁴ shared with Cambridge Analytica, the British-based political consulting firm that worked for the Trump⁵ campaign and others. Facebook CEO and founder⁶ Mark Zuckerberg also admitted that outsiders likely accessed public profiles for most of the platform's two billion users at some point without explicit⁷ permission. It's certain to intensify⁸ scrutiny⁹ from Congress next week when Zuckerberg testifies.

SEN.RICHARD BLUMENTHAL (D), Connecticut: Privacy is clearly at risk in America. And Mark Zuckerberg ought to be before the Judiciary Committee in public, under oath.

JOHN YANG: The Federal Trade Commission is also investigating Facebook for possible violations¹⁰ of a 2011 agreement to protect users' privacy. The trail of trouble began with data collected by a researcher who created a personality profiling app on Facebook. That gave the researcher access to information about tens of millions of users. Facebook says all that information was improperly turned over to Cambridge Analytica. It then targeted individuals with emotionally charged content on behalf of the Trump campaign.

ALEXANDER NIX, CEO, Cambridge Analytica: If you know the personality of the people you're targeting, you can nuance¹¹ your messaging to resonate more effectively with those key audience groups.

JOHN YANG: Last month, Zuckerberg spoke¹² to CNN about the scandal.

MARK ZUCKERBERG, Founder, Facebook: So, this was a major breach² of trust, and I'm really sorry that this happened. You know, we have a basic responsibility to protect people's data. And if we can't do that, then we don't deserve to have the opportunity to serve people.

JOHN YANG: It turns out Facebook was aware for at least two years that the data was being harvested in this way, but didn't disclose it until last month. Yesterday, Zuckerberg admitted he made a huge mistake. Facebook now says it will limit third-party access to data and make it easier for users to remove data-gathering apps from their profiles. The company said that on Monday it will begin alerting the users whose data was shared with Cambridge Analytica. All of this follows earlier disclosures that Russian provocateurs used Facebook to place ads and post fake news, trying to influence the 2016 election.

约翰·杨：脸谱网的压力已经持续数周，并不断上涨，此前有消息称，社交媒体网站上有数以千万计的用户，他们的个人信息被公司以从未承认过的方式利用。脸谱网业务及其分支机构因侵犯用户隐私，所面临的压力局面是我们每周经济系列节目Making Sense，本周关注的焦点。伴随新的事态披露，其用户与立法者对脸谱网的信心危机正在加剧。这个社交媒体巨头表示，它现在相信，有多达8700万人的数据被Cambridge Analytica非合理获取，这些人大部分在美国，Cambridge Analytica是一家英国的政治咨询公司，曾为特朗普竞选活动及其他工作助力。脸谱网首席执行官兼创始人马克·扎克伯格也承认，外部人士可能在未经明确许可的情况下，在某个时间点访问了该平台二十亿用户中大部分人的个人账户。下周扎克伯格作证时，国会肯定会加大审查力度。参议员理查德·布卢门撒尔，康涅狄格：显然个人隐私在美国面临风险。马克·扎克伯格应该在司法委员会面前公开宣誓。

约翰·杨：联邦贸易委员会也在调查脸谱网可能违反2011年保护用户隐私的协议。自从一位研究人员在脸谱网上创建了一个个性分析软件，收集了数据，麻烦就接踵而至。这使这位研究人员获得了数以千万计的用户信息。脸谱网表示，所有的信息都被不当地移交给了然后，针对个人发送充满感情的内容，为特朗普的竞选助力。

亚力山大·尼克斯，Cambridge Analytica首席执行官：如果你了解目标人群的个性，你可以针对那些主要受众群体，微调你的消息，更有效地引起他们的共鸣。

约翰·杨：上月，扎克伯格与CNN就本次丑闻进行了交谈。

马克·扎克伯格，脸谱网创始人：那么，这是一次严重违背信任的事件，发生了这样的事，我真的很抱歉。你知道，我们有保护公众数据的基本责任。如果我们不能做到这一点，那么我们就不配有机会为人民服务。

约翰·杨：事实证明，脸谱网至少在两年前就已经意识到数据正在以这种方式被收割，但直到上个月才将这一切公之于众。昨天，扎克伯格承认他犯了一个巨大的错误。脸谱网现在表示，它将对第三方的数据访问采取限制措施，并简化用户从其个人账户中移除数据收集应用程序的操作过程。该公司表示周一它将开始向数据遭Cambridge Analytica共享的用户发起警报。所有这一切都是此前俄罗斯坐探用脸谱网发布广告和炮制假消息，试图影响2016年大选的余波。

1 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

2 breach   

n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破

参考例句：

• We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
• He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。

3 breaches   

破坏( breach的名词复数 )； 破裂； 缺口； 违背

参考例句：

• He imposed heavy penalties for breaches of oath or pledges. 他对违反誓言和保证的行为给予严厉的惩罚。
• This renders all breaches of morality before marriage very uncommon. 这样一来，婚前败坏道德的事就少见了。

4 improperly   

不正确地，不适当地

参考例句：

• Of course it was acting improperly. 这样做就是不对嘛！
• He is trying to improperly influence a witness. 他在试图误导证人。

5 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

6 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

7 explicit   

adj.详述的，明确的；坦率的；显然的

参考例句：

• She was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
• He avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。

8 intensify   

vt.加强；变强；加剧

参考例句：

• We must intensify our educational work among our own troops.我们必须加强自己部队的教育工作。
• They were ordered to intensify their patrols to protect our air space.他们奉命加强巡逻，保卫我国的领空。

9 scrutiny   

n.详细检查，仔细观察

参考例句：

• His work looks all right,but it will not bear scrutiny.他的工作似乎很好，但是经不起仔细检查。
• Few wives in their forties can weather such a scrutiny.很少年过四十的妻子经得起这么仔细的观察。

10 violations   

违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸

参考例句：

• This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
• These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

11 nuance   

n.(意义、意见、颜色)细微差别

参考例句：

• These users will easily learn each nuance of the applications they use.这些用户会很快了解他们所使用程序的每一细微差别。
• I wish I hadn't become so conscious of every little nuance.我希望我不要变得这样去思索一切琐碎之事。

12 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。