PBS高端访谈:特朗普将就引航分化的世界在达沃斯论坛上强辩到底

Judy Woodruff: A small town in the Swiss Alps becomes a focus of world attention one week a year. Davos hosts the World Economic Forum¹, with a rarefied guest list of business tycoons², prime ministers, and this year, for the first time in nearly two decades, the president of the United States. Special correspondent Ryan Chilcote is there for us and has our look at this most alpine³ of summits.

Ryan Chilcote: The heaviest snowfall in two decades, six feet dropped on the Swiss Alps in less than a week, didn't stop the World Economic Forum from getting under way. No, the main challenge for many of the 3,000 movers, shakers, scribes and gawkers, just getting here.

Mari Sawai: No, I have never seen anything like this before. It's a bit of a struggle. I didn't even bring snow boots, so I'm trying not to fall.

Ryan Chilcote: This year's official theme is creating a shared future in a fractured world. Klaus Schwab is the forum's founder⁴, now in its 48th year.

Klaus Schwab: The world is socially fractured. It's environmentally fractured. But it's also politically divided. So, what we want to do here is to analyze⁵, what are the reasons. But what is much more important is to afterwards search for solutions.

Ryan Chilcote: The elite⁶ annual gathering⁷ is being held under tight security. There are some 70 heads of state there, hobnobbing with titans of industry and academia, celebrities⁸ and advocates. There's really nothing quite like it. In my first hour here, I bumped into the head of one of the world's largest jewelry⁹ companies, an entrepreneur starting his own cryptocurrency, and the head of a Brazilian biotech firm. Davos is where legacy¹⁰ businesses meet the disrupters, where developing and developed countries come together to network, to learn from one another and, of course, to do deals. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi's opening address called on countries to unite, while ignoring some of his country's own protectionist policies.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi (through interpreter): Many societies and countries are becoming more and more focused on themselves. It feels like the opposite of globalization is happening. We will have to accept the fact that globalization is slowly losing its luster¹¹.

Ryan Chilcote: The four-day meeting aims to tackle a number of pressing geopolitical issues, in addition to globalization, climate change, the migrant crisis, and gender¹² equality. Canada's prime minister, Justin Trudeau-

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau: We need to have a critical discussion on women's rights, equality and the power dynamics¹³ of gender.

Ryan Chilcote: Global inequality is another major topic, said Christine Lagarde, the managing director of the International Monetary¹⁴ Fund.

Christine Lagarde: There are still too many people who are left out of that recovery and acceleration¹⁵ of growth.

Ryan Chilcote: The week's most anticipated speaker is perhaps its unlikeliest, President Trump¹⁶, who'll be rubbing elbows with the very same folks he berated¹⁷ on the campaign trail.

President Donald Trump: This wave of globalization has wiped out totally, totally our middle class.

Ryan Chilcote: It's the first time a sitting U.S. president has attended the forum since Bill Clinton in 2000. Mr. Trump is bringing much of his team here. Top White House advisers¹⁹ previewed the trip yesterday, and were asked, in essence, why he's going to a forum that goes against his America first agenda. Economic adviser¹⁸ Gary Cohn-

Gary Cohn: America first is not America alone. The president is going to Davos to speak to world leaders about investing in the United States, moving businesses to the United States, hiring American workers.

Ryan Chilcote: President Trump won't be welcomed by everyone. Protesters routinely blast the invitation-only conference, arguing it's an unabashed celebration of capitalism²⁰ gone awry²¹.

Alex Hedinger: We have been protesting all the years now against the World Economic Forum, and if Trump comes or not, we don't care. Trump is just — maybe he's the best symbol for this world.

Ryan Chilcote: President Trump gets the final word when he delivers the closing address on Friday. For the PBS NewsHour, I'm Ryan Chilcote in Davos.

朱迪·伍德瑞夫：每年都有那么一周，让瑞士阿尔卑斯山的这座小城成为世界关注的焦点。能够出现在达沃斯世界经济论坛上的，通常只有凤毛麟角的商业大亨、国家总理，而今年，美国总统位列其中，这在近二十年来还属首次。特约记者瑞安·奇科特为我们报道阿尔卑斯山的这场盛会。

瑞安·奇科特：20年都没下过这么大的雪了，本次降雪已持续将近一周，雪深已达六英尺，但达沃斯世界经济论坛并未因此受到任何阻挡。不，对于前来与会的3000人来说，倒是个不小的困难。

玛丽·塞万：不，我以前从来没有见过这般景象。颇费努力。我甚至连雪地靴都没带，所以我尽量不要摔跤。

瑞安·奇科特：今年大会的主题是“在分化的世界中打造共同命运”。自施瓦布创立达沃斯论坛起已有48个年头。

克劳斯·施瓦布：这个世界是分化的世界，它环境多元，政治上也有分歧。因此，在这里我们要做的是分析造成这种局面的原因。但更重要的是，我们要为后续寻找解决方案。

瑞安·奇科特：精英大佬们的年度聚会，在安全问题上，自然戒备森严。这里云集了来自70个国家的领导人，他们都与来自工商界学术界的俊杰、名人及倡导者交往密切。真是如此。我刚到这里一个小时，就遇见了一个世界最大珠宝公司的高管，他开发了自己的加密货币，也是巴西一个生物科技公司的负责人。在达沃斯，传统企业受到挑战，发展中国家和发达国家汇聚一堂，相互联系，相互学习，当然，也做交易。印度总理纳伦德拉·莫迪致开幕词，呼吁各国团结一心，对一些自我保护政策应予以摒弃。

纳伦德拉·莫迪总理（翻译）：许多国家地区越来越只专注于自己（的发展）。感觉这样做违背了全球化的初衷。我们将不得不接受这样一个事实，那就是全球化正慢慢失去它的光辉。

瑞安·奇科特：为期四天的会议旨在处理一些紧迫的地缘政治问题，此外，也涉及到全球化、气候变化、移民危机和两性平等等诸多问题。加拿大总理贾斯廷·特鲁多—

贾斯廷·特鲁多总理：我们需要对妇女权利、（性别）平等以及性别力量均衡进行重要讨论。

瑞安·奇科特：国际货币基金组织总经理克里斯蒂娜·拉加德说，全球不平等也是一个重要议题。

克里斯蒂娜·拉加德：有很多人（国家）仍无法实现经济复苏和加速发展。

瑞安·奇科特：本周最受期待的人也许是最不靠谱的特朗普总统。接下来他将与自己在竞选中大加指责的人物们保持接触。

唐纳德·特朗普总统：全球化浪潮彻底摧毁了我们的中产阶级。

瑞安·奇科特：这是自2000年比尔·克林顿总统以来，现任美国总统首次出席达沃斯论坛。特朗普先生来到这里，还带了不少他的团队成员。白宫顶级顾问昨日对行程进行了预先介绍，并被问及，从本质来讲，特朗普为什么要去参加一个与他“美国优先”政策格格不入的会议。经济顾问加里·科恩—

加里·科恩：“美国优先”不是指美国要孤傲不群。总统将前往达沃斯与世界各国领导人谈论在美国投资、企业转移以及聘用美国雇员的问题。

瑞安·奇科特：不会人人都欢迎特朗普总统的到来。抗议者们常常对此次会议邀请大加痛斥，称这是不折不扣地在庆祝资本主义的消亡。

艾利克斯·黑丁格：这些年来，我们一直在抗议世界经济论坛，特朗普来不来，我们并不在乎。特朗普只是——也许他是代表这个世界的最佳符号。

瑞安·奇科特：最终，特朗普总统在周五发表闭幕词时强辩到底。PBS NewsHour，我是瑞安·奇科特，从达沃斯发回报道。

1 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

2 tycoons   

大君( tycoon的名词复数 )； 将军； 企业巨头； 大亨

参考例句：

• The great tycoons were fierce competitors, single-minded in their pursuit of financial success and power. 企业巨头都是激烈的竞争者，他们一心追求钱财和权势。
• Tycoons and their conglomerates are even raising money again on international markets. 企业大亨们以及他们的企业甚至正再次从国际市场上筹集资金。

3 alpine   

adj.高山的；n.高山植物

参考例句：

• Alpine flowers are abundant there.那里有很多高山地带的花。
• Its main attractions are alpine lakes and waterfalls .它以高山湖泊和瀑布群为主要特色。

4 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

5 analyze   

vt.分析，解析 (=analyse)

参考例句：

• We should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
• The teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。

6 elite   

n.精英阶层；实力集团；adj.杰出的，卓越的

参考例句：

• The power elite inside the government is controlling foreign policy.政府内部的一群握有实权的精英控制着对外政策。
• We have a political elite in this country.我们国家有一群政治精英。

7 gathering   

n.集会，聚会，聚集

参考例句：

• He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
• He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。

8 celebrities   

n.（尤指娱乐界的）名人( celebrity的名词复数 )；名流；名声；名誉

参考例句：

• He only invited A-list celebrities to his parties. 他只邀请头等名流参加他的聚会。
• a TV chat show full of B-list celebrities 由众多二流人物参加的电视访谈节目

9 jewelry   

n.（jewllery）（总称）珠宝

参考例句：

• The burglars walked off with all my jewelry.夜盗偷走了我的全部珠宝。
• Jewelry and lace are mostly feminine belongings.珠宝和花边多数是女性用品。

10 legacy   

n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西

参考例句：

• They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
• He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

11 luster   

n.光辉；光泽，光亮；荣誉

参考例句：

• His great books have added luster to the university where he teaches.他的巨著给他任教的大学增了光。
• Mercerization enhances dyeability and luster of cotton materials.丝光处理扩大棉纤维的染色能力，增加纤维的光泽。

12 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

13 dynamics   

n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态

参考例句：

• In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
• Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

14 monetary   

adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的

参考例句：

• The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
• Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。

15 acceleration   

n.加速，加速度

参考例句：

• All spacemen must be able to bear acceleration.所有太空人都应能承受加速度。
• He has also called for an acceleration of political reforms.他同时呼吁加快政治改革的步伐。

16 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

17 berated   

v.严厉责备，痛斥( berate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Marion berated Joe for the noise he made. 玛丽昂严厉斥责乔吵吵闹闹。 来自辞典例句
• It berated Mussolini for selling out to Berlin. 它严厉谴责了墨索里尼背叛、投靠柏林的行径。 来自辞典例句

18 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

19 advisers   

顾问，劝告者( adviser的名词复数 )； （指导大学新生学科问题等的）指导教授

参考例句：

• a member of the President's favoured circle of advisers 总统宠爱的顾问班子中的一员
• She withdrew to confer with her advisers before announcing a decision. 她先去请教顾问然后再宣布决定。

20 capitalism   

n.资本主义

参考例句：

• The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功。
• Capitalism began to develop in Russia in the 19th century.十九世纪资本主义在俄国开始发展。

21 awry   

adj.扭曲的，错的

参考例句：

• She was in a fury over a plan that had gone awry. 计划出了问题，她很愤怒。
• Something has gone awry in our plans.我们的计划出差错了。