PBS高端访谈:影片"交易"展现美国毒品危机中的个人经历

JUDY WOODRUFF: Now A new documentary series showcases the pain and the many effects of the nation's opioids crisis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported yesterday that emergency room visits for suspected opioid overdoses were up 30 percent compared with the year before. The series puts a human face on this crisis. Jeffrey Brown has that story. It's part of our ongoing¹ coverage² of this issue, America Addicted⁴.

JEFFREY BROWN: The series is called "The Trade."

MAN: I never thought that I would ever be like this, that I would continue to do something that would kill me.

WOMAN: Get out of my house.

JEFFREY BROWN: And explores the opioid crisis in five parts and from multiple perspectives, the cartels growing poppies and producing heroin⁵ in the Mexican highlands, drug enforcement agents trying to stem the flow of heroin and synthetic⁶ opioids into Ohio, and active users and their families struggling with addiction⁷ in Georgia.

WOMAN: I don't want my kids living in a casket.

MAN: We are getting drug dealers⁹ off the street. At least, this way, we can say we are making a difference.

MAN: We all think addiction and drugs, it's not in my neighborhood. The reality is, it is. This stuff is everywhere.

MATTHEW HEINEMAN, Director, "The Trade": You know, access is everything. And the way to get access is through developing deep, deep trust with our subjects.

JEFFREY BROWN: Matthew Heineman directed "The Trade" and recently spoke¹⁰ to me from New York.

MATTHEW HEINEMAN: This issue of the opioid epidemic¹¹ has always been well-covered in traditional media. And I felt like, with my job and as I have done with previous projects, to really put a human face to this.

JEFFREY BROWN: Heineman is best known for his 2015 Oscar-nominated documentary "Cartel Land," which provided an inside look at life along the U.S.-Mexico border for those on both sides of the war on drugs.

MAN: You know the conditions are that you don't get high, and we know you're high.

JEFFREY BROWN: With "The Trade," he wanted to expand that project to show just far the drug war reaches, as with this Atlanta family, the Waltons, whose two sons struggle with heroin addiction.

WOMAN: That's exactly what I'm here for. Just give me my stuff.

MAN: She's not staying here, Skyler.

MAN: No (EXPLETIVE DELETED). We're trying to get her home.

MAN: Well, how do you -- trying to get her home?

WOMAN: Can I just give him gas money just to get him out of here? Can I just give him money to get out of here?

MATTHEW HEINEMAN: When people think of addiction, they often think of what it does to the individual addict³, but,so often, it ravages¹² not just the mind and the body of that person, but the family, communities. And that storyline with the Waltons is really seen through the eyes of his mother, Jen, who tries desperately¹³ to help her son

and has been doing so for many years, despite his continued attempts of getting clean and then relapsing and attempts of getting clean.And this drug is so hard to kick, no matter how much love you have, no matter how much support you have.

It's just it's really, really difficult to get off of it.

JEFFREY BROWN: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the drug addiction crisis in 2016 killed more than 64,000 Americans, more than AIDS, gun deaths or car crashes at their own respective peaks. "The Trade," available now on Showtime, explores the consequences on both sides of the border, in Mexico, tens of thousands of people killed or disappeared, mounting police corruption¹⁴, a security state.

MATTHEW HEINEMAN: This -- quote, unquote -- "war on drugs" is based on this very simple economic structure of supply and demand. As long as there's a demand for drugs in the U.S., there will be a supply of drugs coming from Mexico and South America.

And with that will come violence. With that will come heartbreak. And with that will come criminal enterprises that are taking advantage of it.

MAN: Suspect Corey (PH) is a suspected narcotics¹⁵ trafficker for an overdose which occurred earlier this month.

JEFFREY BROWN: The U.S. is fighting back with more border security and raids and penalties on drug runners.

MAN: Heroin is a killer¹⁶. It tears people apart, eats them away.

JEFFREY BROWN: But in "The trade," it's a never-ending Whac-A-Mole game drug agents must play, and there's always another drug dealer⁸ out there. For Heineman, that's one of the key takeaways.

MATTHEW HEINEMAN: I don't think this crisis is going to be fixed¹⁷ with walls or with barriers. I think we need to stop thinking of it as a war, and stop thinking of it as something that we can police, and stop thinking as something that we should continue to spend billions of dollars on in terms to trying to fight it. I think we have to really start to think of it more and more as a health care crisis and start to, you know, really pour more and more money into treatment, as opposed to just policing the issue.

JEFFREY BROWN: For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm Jeffrey Brown in Washington.

JUDY WOODRUFF: All five episodes of "The Trade" are now available to watch for free on YouTube or Showtime.com.

朱蒂·伍德瑞夫：现在，一组新的系列纪录片展现了美国阿片药物危机的痛苦及诸多影响。疾病控制和预防中心昨天报告称，急诊室怀疑阿片药物过量的接诊人数，较前一年相比，增加了30%。本系列影片展现了这场危机中的人性诸面。杰弗里·布朗为您报道。America Addicted是我们就这一问题展开的部分持续报道。

杰弗里·布朗：本系列记录片名为《交易》。

男人：我从没想过我会像现在这样，会欲罢不能地做一些事情，而这些事情会将我置于死地。

女人：滚出我的房间。

杰弗里·布朗：本系列影片从多个角度探讨了阿片危机，分五个部分展开描述，在墨西哥高原种植罂粟和制造海洛因的卡特尔企业联盟，试图阻止海洛因和合成阿片流入俄亥俄州的毒品执法部门，格鲁吉亚毒品的活跃吸食者以及他们与毒瘾斗争着的家庭。

女人：我不想让我的孩子们在棺材里生活。

男人：我们正在街上驱赶贩毒。至少，这样，我们可以说我们正在行动。

男人：我们都觉得吸毒成瘾，这不会发生在自己的街区。而事实是，它就发生在那里。这种东西，无处不在。

马修·海涅曼，影片《交易》导演：你知道，获取毒品就是一切。获取毒品的途径是通过对吸食和贩卖主体的超深层次信任。

杰弗里·布朗：影片《交易》的导演马修·海涅曼，近日在纽约接受了我的采访。

马修·海涅曼：阿片类药物盛行这一问题，一直由传统媒体完美掩护着。我觉得，我的影片和以前的一样，真的很体现人性。

杰弗里·布朗：海涅曼最出名的佳作是他在2015年获得奥斯卡提名的纪录片《贩毒之地》，它为人们展现了，在毒品之战的阴霾下，美墨边境两边人们的生活状况。

男人：你知道的条件是你不吸嗨，但我们知道你吸嗨了。

杰弗里·布朗：他想利用影片《交易》，将这一内容加以扩展，以向人们显现，毒品波及范围之广，就像这个亚特兰大家庭，沃尔顿一样，两个儿子全部身陷海洛因，苦苦挣扎。

女人：这正是我来这里的目的。把我的东西给我。

男人：她不在这里，斯凯勒。

男人：不（脏话删除）。我们想把她送回家。

男人：好吧，你如何设法把她带回家？

女人：我能给他油钱，让他离开这里？我能给他些钱，让他离开这里吗？

马修·海涅曼：当人们想到毒瘾，往往想到的是毒品如何让一个个体成瘾的，但实际上，它侵蚀的不止是一个人的神志，一个人的身体，往往还波及到他的整个家庭以及所住社区。影片中沃尔顿一家的故事主线透过他的母亲，珍的眼中延伸，她不顾一切地帮助她的儿子，坚持了很多年，虽然他的儿子一再复吸。这种毒品很难戒除，无论有多少人爱你，支持你。只是真的，真的很难戒除。

杰弗里·布朗：根据疾病控制和预防中心的说法，2016年，吸毒造成64,000多名美国人丧生，人数超过艾滋病、枪杀或汽车撞车事故单项峰值。《交易》，现已在Showtime上映，探寻边境两边毒品交易引发的后果，在墨西哥，数以万计的人遭到杀害或失踪，警察腐败现象越发严重，安全状态。

马修·海涅曼：这个“毒品战争”基于非常简单的供求经济结构。只要美国有毒品需求，墨西哥和南美洲就有毒品供应。随之而来的就是暴力。进而就是心碎。有了这一点，犯罪企业就会利用它。

男人：嫌犯Corey（PH）被怀疑本月初过量贩运麻醉毒品。

杰弗里·布朗：美国正采取更多措施保障边境安全，对贩毒者予以突袭和惩罚。

男人：海洛因是杀手。它将人撕裂，把它们吃掉。

杰弗里·布朗：但在影片《贸易》中，毒品之战就是一个打地鼠游戏，无休无止，药品代理商必须玩下去，而且毒贩总是无法赶尽杀绝。对于海涅曼来说，这是一个关键要点。

马修·海涅曼：我认为铜墙铁壁或障碍无法解决此次危机。我认为我们不要把它视为一场战争，不要视为我们需要动用警力执法的事情，不要把它看作，一项我们要继续花费数十亿美元来对抗的事情。我认为我们必须开始更多地将它视为一场医疗危机，并开始，你知道，真的把更多的钱投入治疗，而不是仅仅处理问题。

杰弗里·布朗：PBS NewsHour，我是杰弗里·布朗，华盛顿报道。

朱蒂·伍德瑞夫：影片《交易》的全季五集，现都可免费在YouTube或showtime.com上进行观看。

1 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

2 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

3 addict   

v.使沉溺；使上瘾；n.沉溺于不良嗜好的人

参考例句：

• He became gambling addict,and lost all his possessions.他习染上了赌博，最终输掉了全部家产。
• He assisted a drug addict to escape from drug but failed firstly.一开始他帮助一个吸毒者戒毒但失败了。

4 addicted   

adj.沉溺于....的，对...上瘾的

参考例句：

• He was addicted to heroin at the age of 17.他17岁的时候对海洛因上了瘾。
• She's become addicted to love stories.她迷上了爱情小说。

5 heroin   

n.海洛因

参考例句：

• Customs have made their biggest ever seizure of heroin.海关查获了有史以来最大的一批海洛因。
• Heroin has been smuggled out by sea.海洛因已从海上偷运出境。

6 synthetic   

adj.合成的，人工的；综合的；n.人工制品

参考例句：

• We felt the salesman's synthetic friendliness.我们感觉到那位销售员的虚情假意。
• It's a synthetic diamond.这是人造钻石。

7 addiction   

n.上瘾入迷，嗜好

参考例句：

• He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
• Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。

8 dealer   

n.商人，贩子

参考例句：

• The dealer spent hours bargaining for the painting.那个商人为购买那幅画花了几个小时讨价还价。
• The dealer reduced the price for cash down.这家商店对付现金的人减价优惠。

9 dealers   

n.商人( dealer的名词复数 )；贩毒者；毒品贩子；发牌者

参考例句：

• There was fast bidding between private collectors and dealers. 私人收藏家和交易商急速竞相喊价。
• The police were corrupt and were operating in collusion with the drug dealers. 警察腐败，与那伙毒品贩子内外勾结。

10 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

11 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

12 ravages   

劫掠后的残迹，破坏的结果，毁坏后的残迹

参考例句：

• the ravages of war 战争造成的灾难
• It is hard for anyone to escape from the ravages of time. 任何人都很难逃避时间的摧残。

13 desperately   

adv.极度渴望地，绝望地，孤注一掷地

参考例句：

• He was desperately seeking a way to see her again.他正拼命想办法再见她一面。
• He longed desperately to be back at home.他非常渴望回家。

14 corruption   

n.腐败，堕落，贪污

参考例句：

• The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
• The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。

15 narcotics   

n.麻醉药( narcotic的名词复数 )；毒品；毒

参考例句：

• The use of narcotics by teenagers is a problem in many countries. 青少年服用麻醉药在许多国家中都是一个问题。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• Police shook down the club, looking for narcotics. 警方彻底搜查了这个俱乐部，寻找麻醉品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

17 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。