PBS高端访谈:联合国难民事务专员希望在美建立移民安置计划

 　　Brutal¹ wars in the Middle East, Africa and Asia have forced the world's populations of refugees and displaced persons to near record highs.

　　Meanwhile, the Trump² administration has signaled its intention to substantially change U.S. refugee policy.

　　Filippo Grandi, who is the United Nations' top official leading the response to the refugee crisis, is in Washington this week for meetings at the White House and Pentagon.

　　Our William Brangham sat down with him earlier this evening.

　　Hi, Commissioner³ Filippo Grandi. Welcome. Thank you.

　　You're here in Washington, D.C., obviously this week to meet with some members of the Trump administration.

　　I'm curious, what message are you here to convey to them?

　　A message that I have already conveyed in previous visits.

　　U.S. leadership in humanitarian⁴ matters and specifically in matters concerning responses to refugee crisis is very important,

　　continues to be very important. And the response I get is quite good.

　　What is that response? What do you hear back from them?

　　Well, I think we all watched Ambassador Haley, the U.S. ambassador to United Nations … Nikki Haley, yes.

　　visit recently refugee programs in Turkey and in Georgia. We're talking about Syrian refugees, the biggest refugee crisis in the world.

　　And her message was very clear and very strong. United States' generosity⁵ and United States' support for refugees continues to be strong and constant.

　　And I greatly appreciated this message on her part.

　　I know Ambassador Haley has said that on several occasions.

　　But we have also seen President Trump try to pass through an executive order that, in effect, says, we're not taking any refugees in the U.S.

　　And the president has conflated refugees with the fear of terrorism, saying, we can't know who these people are.

　　Is this something that you bring up with administration officials? Do you talk with them about those concerns that they have shared?

　　A great deal. In fact, I don't think there was ever any statement saying that no more refugees should come to the United States.

　　There were decisions to increase the vetting⁶ of those selected to come here and to limit certain nationalities.

　　All this, as you know, is now being discussed in the judicial⁷ sphere. So we have to wait for that discussion, which is an American, a U.S. discussion to finish.

　　Our message is, resettlement programs — this is what we're talking about — are a very important tool to protect the most vulnerable refugees.

　　And vetting is already quite strong for those refugees that enter that program. Of course, this is a sovereign decision of the United States,

　　but I think and I hope that, after all this is done, after conclusions are made, that program will be preserved.

　　I think it may be reduced to previous higher levels, but I hope that, with the passage of time and once these controls

　　once the administration confident that the controls are there, will we continue to see robust⁸ resettlement to the United States.

　　The reason I ask about this is, this is not just a concern expressed by President Trump,

　　but even Chancellor⁹ Angela Merkel in Germany has seen a good deal of resistance to her very open embrace of refugees.

　　There still is a very strong fear, a conflation of refugees with the fear of terrorism.

　　And I'm just curious what you — what do you say to world leaders when they express this, that we don't have the political appetite to take refugees onto our shores?

　　The fear of insecurity is a very understandable one, especially in a world in which terrorism has created so much damage and killed so many people.

　　And we are, of course, with states in saying controls, checks, vetting have to be carried out in the most — in the strongest possible way. This is absolutely true.

　　But I also pass another message. In fact, it's very rare, if ever, that refuges coming from situations of war, of violence, of violations¹⁰ of human rights perpetrate crimes of terrorism.

　　It is not they who do that. It is other people. In fact, those people do not bring terror. Refugees flee from terror.

　　I think it's very important not to conflate refugees and terrorists in this sense. It's very important to control, it's very important to check,

　　but it's also very important to make that distinction, and never forget where these people come from.

　　Lastly, a quick question on funding. I know this is obviously an enormous challenge for the U.N. Do you have enough money to do the work you need to do?

　　Certainly not. Our budget last year was calculated at 7 billion U.S. dollars, 2016. We got 4 billion U.S. dollars.

　　So about 55 percent of our needs the covered. This means that we do a lot of prioritization.

　　And we prioritize, evidently. With so many refugee crises, with 65 million refugees and displaced people around the world, we have to prioritize lifesaving activities.

　　What suffers? What suffers what is not immediately vital and necessary, but which is equally important, like education, livelihoods¹¹.

　　That's why we're looking at other ways to meet those needs with other sources of funding, because they're equally important in the long run to sustain assistance to millions of refugees.

　　Filippo Grandi, thank you very much for being here. Thank you. undefined

1 brutal   

adj.残忍的，野蛮的，不讲理的

参考例句：

• She has to face the brutal reality.她不得不去面对冷酷的现实。
• They're brutal people behind their civilised veneer.他们表面上温文有礼，骨子里却是野蛮残忍。

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

4 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

5 generosity   

n.大度，慷慨，慷慨的行为

参考例句：

• We should match their generosity with our own.我们应该像他们一样慷慨大方。
• We adore them for their generosity.我们钦佩他们的慷慨。

6 vetting   

n.数据检查[核对，核实]v.审查（某人过去的记录、资格等）( vet的现在分词 )；调查；检查；诊疗

参考例句：

• Scripts had to be submitted to Ministry of Information officials for vetting. 必须把脚本提交给信息部官员审查。 来自互联网
• Their purpose in clicking deeper into a site is one of vetting. 他们深入点击网站的目的是一种诊疗。 来自互联网

7 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

8 robust   

adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的

参考例句：

• She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
• China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。

9 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

10 violations   

违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸

参考例句：

• This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
• These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

11 livelihoods   

生计，谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者，他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小，他们的传统生计受到了威胁。