乔布斯传 第11期:童年,被遗弃和被选择(7)

 　　By the 1950s, Hewlett-Packard was a fast-growing company making technical instruments.

　　到20世纪50年代，惠普已经成为一家制造技术仪器的快速成长的公司。

　　Fortunately there was a place nearby for entrepreneurs who had outgrown¹ their garages.

　　幸运的是，附近有一个地方为那些企业规模已经超出车库的创业者们提供了更大的发展空间。

　　In a move that would help transform the area into the cradle of the tech revolution, Stanford University’s dean of engineering, Frederick Terman, created a seven-hundred-acre industrial park on university land for private companies that could commercialize the ideas of his students.

　　斯坦福大学的工程系主任弗雷德里克·特曼（Frederick Terman)在学校拥有的土地上开辟了一座占地700英亩的工业园区，提供给可以将学生们的创意商业化的私人企业。

　　Its first tenant² was Varian Associates, where Clara Jobs worked.

　　第一家租户便是瓦里安联合公司，也就是克拉拉?乔布斯工作的地方。

　　“Terman came up with this great idea that did more than anything to cause the tech industry to grow up here,” Jobs said.

　　“特曼的伟大计划对技术产业在此地发展壮大的推动作用，是其他任何事情都无法比拟的。”乔布斯说。

　　By the time Jobs was ten, HP had nine thousand employees and was the blue-chip company where every engineer seeking financial stability wanted to work.

　　在乔布斯10岁那年，惠普公司已经拥有9000名雇员，并且成为每一个渴望稳定收入的工程师都梦寐以求的一流企业。

　　The most important technology for the region’s growth was, of course, the semiconductor³.

　　在硅谷的发展中，最重要的一项技术显然是半导体。

　　William Shockley, who had been one of the inventors of the transistor⁴ at Bell Labs in New Jersey⁵, moved out to Mountain View and,

　　在新泽西的贝尔实验室期间与人共同发明了晶体管的威廉·肖克利（William Shockley)，也搬到了山景城，

　　in 1956, started a company to build transistors⁶ using silicon⁷ rather than the more expensive germanium that was then commonly used.

　　他在1956年创办了一家公司，用硅代替当时普遍使用的也较为昂贵的锗来制造晶体管。

　　But Shockley became increasingly erratic⁸ and abandoned his silicon transistor project, which led eight of his engineers— most notably⁹ Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore—to break away to form Fairchild Semiconductor.

　　但随后肖克利变得越来越乖僻，他放弃了硅晶体管项目，这也导致了他麾下的8名工程师---最著名的有罗伯特·诺伊斯（Robert Noyce)和戈登·摩尔（Gordon Moore)---离他而去并创办了仙童半导体公司（Fairchild Semiconductor)。

　　That company grew to twelve thousand employees, but it fragmented in 1968, when Noyce lost a power struggle to become CEO.

　　该公司发展到了12000人的规模，但是1968年，诺伊斯在一场争夺CEO (首席执行官）宝座的权力斗争中失败后，公司分裂了。

　　He took Gordon Moore and founded a company that they called Integrated Electronics Corporation, which they soon smartly abbreviated¹⁰ to Intel.

　　诺伊斯带走了戈登·摩尔，创办了集成电路公司(Integrated Electronics Corporation),他们巧妙地将公司简称为“英特尔”（Intel)。

　　Their third employee was Andrew Grove¹¹, who later would grow the company by shifting its focus from memory chips to microprocessors¹².

　　他们的第三名员工是安德鲁·格鲁夫(Andrew Grove)，他在20世纪80年代通过将业务重心从存储器芯片转移到微处理器上而使公司发展壮大。

　　Within a few years there would be more than fifty companies in the area making semiconductors¹³.

　　仅仅几年的时间，这一地区就出现了超过50家生产半导体的公司。

　　The exponential growth of this industry was correlated with the phenomenon famously discovered by Moore,

　　半导体产业的爆炸式发展与摩尔发现的著名现象有关，

　　who in 1965 drew a graph of the speed of integrated circuits, based on the number of transistors that could be placed on a chip, and showed that it doubled about every two years, a trajectory¹⁴ that could be expected to continue.

　　他在1965年绘制的一张图表显示，集成电路每个芯片所能容纳的晶体管数目大约每两年就会翻一番，性能也会提升一倍，而且这一趋势还会继续。

　　This was reaffirmed in 1971, when Intel was able to etch a complete central processing unit onto one chip, the Intel 4004, which was dubbed¹⁵ a “microprocessor.”

　　这一发现在1971年得到了再一次证实，当时英特尔公司成功地将一个完整的中央处理器蚀刻到了一块芯片上——制成了英特尔4004——他们称之为“微处理器”。

　　Moore’s Law has held generally true to this day,

　　摩尔定律直至今日依然基本准确，

　　and its reliable projection¹⁶ of performance to price allowed two generations of young entrepreneurs, including Steve Jobs and Bill Gates, to create cost projections¹⁷ for their forward-leaning products.

　　它对产品性价比的可靠预测让包括史蒂夫·乔布斯和比尔·盖茨在内的两代年轻企业家可以对自己的未来产品作出成本推测。

　　The chip industry gave the region a new name when Don Hoefler,

　　芯片产业赋予该地区一个全新的名字。

　　a columnist¹⁸ for the weekly trade paper Electronic News, began a series in January 1971 entitled “Silicon Valley USA.”

　　从1971年1月起，每周发行的专业类报纸《电子新闻》(Electronic News) 的专栏作家唐·赫夫勒（Don Hoefler)，开始了一组系列报道，标题为“美国硅谷”。

1 outgrown   

长[发展] 得超过（某物）的范围( outgrow的过去分词 )； 长[发展]得不能再要（某物）； 长得比…快； 生长速度超过

参考例句：

• She's already outgrown her school uniform. 她已经长得连校服都不能穿了。
• The boy has outgrown his clothes. 这男孩已长得穿不下他的衣服了。

2 tenant   

n.承租人；房客；佃户；v.租借，租用

参考例句：

• The tenant was dispossessed for not paying his rent.那名房客因未付房租而被赶走。
• The tenant is responsible for all repairs to the building.租户负责对房屋的所有修理。

3 semiconductor   

n.半导体

参考例句：

• In the beginning,engineers hoped to use semiconductor lasers.在开始时，工程师们希望能够利用半导体激光器。
• The main agent of the company brand semiconductor sales.本公司主要代理各品牌半导体销售。

4 transistor   

n.晶体管，晶体管收音机

参考例句：

• This make of transistor radio is small and beautifully designed.这半导体收音机小巧玲珑。
• Every transistor has at least three electrodes.每个晶体管至少有三个电极。

5 jersey   

n.运动衫

参考例句：

• He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
• They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致，都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。

6 transistors   

晶体管( transistor的名词复数 )； 晶体管收音机，半导体收音机

参考例句：

• In semiconductor receivers transistors take the place of vacuum tubes. 在半导体收音机中晶体管代替了真空管。
• We often turn to this handbook for information on transistors. 我们常从这本手册查阅有关晶体管的资料。

7 silicon   

n.硅(旧名矽)

参考例句：

• This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
• A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。

8 erratic   

adj.古怪的，反复无常的，不稳定的

参考例句：

• The old man had always been cranky and erratic.那老头儿性情古怪,反复无常。
• The erratic fluctuation of market prices is in consequence of unstable economy.经济波动致使市场物价忽起忽落。

9 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

10 abbreviated   

adj. 简短的，省略的 动词abbreviate的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He abbreviated so much that it was hard to understand his article. 他的文章缩写词使用太多，令人费解。
• The United States of America is commonly abbreviated to U.S.A.. 美利坚合众国常被缩略为U.S.A.。

11 grove   

n.林子，小树林，园林

参考例句：

• On top of the hill was a grove of tall trees.山顶上一片高大的树林。
• The scent of lemons filled the grove.柠檬香味充满了小树林。

12 microprocessors   

微（信息）处理机( microprocessor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• This sort of work would have been inconceivable before the advent of microprocessors. 在微处理机问世之前这种工作是难以想象的。
• In microprocessors, the name used for the IEEE interface bus standard. 微处理机中，IEEE接口总线标准的名字。

13 semiconductors   

n.半导体( semiconductor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Crystals may be insulators, semiconductors, or conductors. 晶体可以是绝缘体，半导体，或导体。 来自辞典例句
• Semiconductors containing such impurities are called p-type semiconductors. 含有这类杂质的半导体叫做P型半导体。 来自辞典例句

14 trajectory   

n.弹道，轨道

参考例句：

• It is not difficult to sketch the subsequent trajectory.很容易描绘出它们最终的轨迹。
• The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory.抛物体所循的路径称为它的轨道。

15 dubbed   

v.给…起绰号( dub的过去式和过去分词 )；把…称为；配音；复制

参考例句：

• Mathematics was once dubbed the handmaiden of the sciences. 数学曾一度被视为各门科学的基础。
• Is the movie dubbed or does it have subtitles? 这部电影是配音的还是打字幕的？ 来自《简明英汉词典》

16 projection   

n.发射，计划，突出部分

参考例句：

• Projection takes place with a minimum of awareness or conscious control.投射在最少的知觉或意识控制下发生。
• The projection of increases in number of house-holds is correct.对户数增加的推算是正确的。

17 projections   

预测( projection的名词复数 )； 投影； 投掷； 突起物

参考例句：

• Their sales projections are a total thumbsuck. 他们的销售量预测纯属估计。
• The council has revised its projections of funding requirements upwards. 地方议会调高了对资金需求的预测。

18 columnist   

n.专栏作家

参考例句：

• The host was interviewing a local columnist.节目主持人正在同一位当地的专栏作家交谈。
• She's a columnist for USA Today.她是《今日美国报》的专栏作家。