科学美国人60秒 女性CEO改变职场谈论女性的方式(2)

To find out if businesses talk the talk and walk the walk, the researchers parsed¹ the shareholder² reports and investor³ documents of S&P 500 companies.

为了找出企业是否说到做到，研究人员分析了标准普尔公司的股东报告和投资人文件。

Using natural language processing techniques, they analyzed⁴ some 43,000 files, containing more than 1.2 billion words.

他们使用自然语言处理技术，分析了大约4.3万份文件，包含超过12亿个单词。

And they looked for associations between words that signify women, like she and her.

他们寻找表示女性的词语之间的联系，比如“she”和“her”。

And words typically associated with leadership, like assertive⁵ or ambitious or effective.

还有一些通常与领导力相关的词汇，比如果断、雄心勃勃或高效。

One way to think of it is if you had an autocomplete system like you use on your phone and you said “she is…” it would be like, how likely is it that the next word is “powerful”?

一种理解方式是，如果你有一个手机上使用的自动补全系统，你会说“她是……”，也就是说，下一个单词有多大的可能是“高效”?

Once they assessed this association…

一旦他们评估了这种联系……

We then asked: how do these associations change when you hire women as leaders?

然后我们会问: 当你雇佣女性担任领导时，这些联系会发生什么变化?

And we saw the same pattern across all of this data: that hiring women as senior leaders led to an increased association with those leadership-congruent traits.

我们在所有的数据中都看到了相同的模式: 聘用女性担任高级领导会增加这些与领导力特征一致的词汇的关联。

And it wasn’t that the companies were extolling⁶ the virtues⁷ of their own specific staff.

这并不是说这些公司在颂扬自己某个特定员工的优点。

So it’s not just discussion of those new CEOs and board members.

这不仅仅是对新首席执行官和董事会成员的讨论。

But [it] actually generalizes to discussion of women more broadly.

而且这实际上可以更广泛地扩展到对女性的讨论。

So we were heartened to see this result.

所以看到这个结果，我们很振奋。

At the same time, they wondered whether there might be any backlash.

与此同时，他们想知道是否会有任何反作用。

In other words, when a woman is seen as more competent, is she then considered to be less compassionate⁸ and considerate.

换句话说，当一个女性被认为更有能力时，她就会被认为缺乏同情心、不那么体贴。

Happily, we saw that there was no decreased association with being caring and these kinds of likable traits.

令人高兴的是，我们发现与体贴和这些讨人喜欢的特质的联系并没有减少。

Even better, the data suggests that the organizations that saw the biggest boost in female-linked leadership language are more likely to hire even more women.

更好的是，数据显示，女性关联领导语言增加最多的公司，更有可能雇佣更多女性。

So this highlights the opportunity for a virtuous⁹ cycle where the effect can snowball.

因此，这突显了良性循环的机会，在这种循环中，影响可能会像滚雪球一样越来越大。

Appointing women leads women to be more closely associated with these traits that are seen as necessary to be leaders and this can actually precipitate¹⁰ hiring more women in the future.

任命女性会让女性与这些被视为成为领导者所必需的特质更紧密地联系在一起，这实际上会促使未来雇佣更多女性。

So it’s a very exciting process to witness.

见证这一过程是非常令人兴奋的。

And something the head honcho will surely write about in her next annual report.

顶头上司肯定会在她的下一份年度报告中写下这句话。

For Scientific American’s 60-Second Science, I’m Karen Hopkin.

谢谢大家收听科学美国人——60秒科学。我是凯伦·霍普金。

1 parsed   

v.从语法上描述或分析（词句等）( parse的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• You should never assume any of the scripts being parsed are valid. 你绝不能假设所有的脚本都正确的解释。 来自互联网
• All text in an XML document will be parsed by the parser. XML文档中的所有文本都会被解析器解析。 来自互联网

2 shareholder   

n.股东，股票持有人

参考例句：

• The account department have prepare a financial statement for the shareholder.财务部为股东准备了一份财务报表。
• A shareholder may transfer his shares in accordance with the law.股东持有的股份可以依法转让。

3 investor   

n.投资者，投资人

参考例句：

• My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
• The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。

4 analyzed   

v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析

参考例句：

• The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 assertive   

adj.果断的，自信的，有冲劲的

参考例句：

• She always speaks an assertive tone.她总是以果断的语气说话。
• China appears to have become more assertive in the waters off its coastline over recent years.在近些年，中国显示出对远方海洋的自信。

6 extolling   

v.赞美( extoll的现在分词 )；赞颂，赞扬，赞美( extol的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• He never stops extolling the virtues of the free market. 他不停地颂扬自由市场的种种好处。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They kept extolling my managerial skills. 他们不停地赞美我的管理技能。 来自辞典例句

7 virtues   

美德( virtue的名词复数 )； 德行； 优点； 长处

参考例句：

• Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。
• She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。

8 compassionate   

adj.有同情心的，表示同情的

参考例句：

• She is a compassionate person.她是一个有同情心的人。
• The compassionate judge gave the young offender a light sentence.慈悲的法官从轻判处了那个年轻罪犯。

9 virtuous   

adj.有品德的，善良的，贞洁的，有效力的

参考例句：

• She was such a virtuous woman that everybody respected her.她是个有道德的女性，人人都尊敬她。
• My uncle is always proud of having a virtuous wife.叔叔一直为娶到一位贤德的妻子而骄傲。

10 precipitate   

adj.突如其来的；vt.使突然发生；n.沉淀物

参考例句：

• I don't think we should make precipitate decisions.我认为我们不应该贸然作出决定。
• The king was too precipitate in declaring war.国王在宣战一事上过于轻率。