世界节假日博览 第164期:阵亡将士纪念日

 　　Memorial Day is a United States federal holiday. It commemorates¹ the American men and women who have died serving their country in the military. It holds an important place in the hearts of Americans as they remember sacrifices made for their freedom. It is observed on the last Monday of May. It first started to honour the Union soldiers who died during the American Civil War. It took on greater importance after American losses in World War I. The U.S. government decided² the day would remember American casualties in any war, conflict or military action. People visit cemeteries³ and war memorials on this day. A special ceremony takes place at Arlington Cemetery⁴ in Washington D.C. All around the country, flags fly at half-mast until lunch time.

　　阵亡将士纪念日是美国联邦政府的节日。这一节日是为纪念那些为祖国战死沙场的美军官兵。阵亡将士纪念日在美国人心中有着重要的地位，因为他们牢记着将士们为祖国人民的自由所做的牺牲。这一节日在5月的最后一个星期一举行。纪念日最初是为了纪念死于美国内战的联邦士兵,美国在第一次世界大战中战败之后，该节日变得更为重要了。美国政府决定在纪念日当天，人们可以纪念在任何战争、冲突或军事行动中伤亡的人员,人们会在这一天参观墓地和战争纪念碑。华盛顿的阿灵顿国家公墓会举行一场特殊的仪式，午饭前全国各地的国旗都要降半旗。

　　There is quite a history to Memorial Day. A Yale University professor said it was first celebrated⁵ in 1865 by freed slaves in South Carolina. The slaves buried dozens of Union soldiers in individual graves. They all died in prison. Waterloo, New York claims to be the official birthplace of Memorial Day, observing it every year from 1868. The name "Memorial Day"came about in 1882 but was not widely accepted until after World War II. The name became official in 1967. In 1968, the U.S. Congress decided the day should be part of a three-day weekend. The last change came in 1971, when the government moved Memorial Day to the last Monday in May. It took a few years after that for all U.S. states to follow.

　　阵亡将士纪念日源远流长。一位耶鲁大学的教授表示，第一个阵亡将士纪念日是由由自由奴隶1865年在南卡罗来纳州庆祝的。奴隶们把许多死于狱中的联邦士兵分别埋葬。纽约州滑铁卢声称自己是阵亡将士纪念日的发源地，自1868起，每年都会庆祝这一节日。“阵亡将士纪念日”这一名称出现于1882年，但直到第二次世界大战之后才被广泛接受，于1967年成为官方名称。1968年，美国国会决定阵亡将士纪念日与周末连在一起，共放假三天。1971年政府对这一节日做了最后一次更改，把纪念日的时间改到5月的最后一个星期一。几年后，所有美国人都按照政府规定的日期来庆祝这一节日。

　　1. hold an important place in 占有非常重要的地位

　　例句：Humor, whether written or spoken, is popular among all nations and holds an important place in their languages and cultures.

　　无论是以书面形式出现，还是以口头形式流传，幽默在不同民族的语言与文化中均占有无可替代的地位。

　　2. military action 军事行动

　　例句：Of course, even when we act as part of a coalition⁶, the risks of any military action will be high.

　　当然，即使我们作为联盟的一部分采取行动，任何军事行动都有很高的风险。

　　3. flag at half-mast 降半旗

　　例句：Flags were flying at half-mast across the country and all public entertainment has been suspended as the three-day mourning period started.

　　在为期三天的全国哀悼日期间，全国各地降半旗致哀，停止各类公共娱乐活动。

　　4. come about 产生;诞生

　　例句：Some of the best ideas in the history of business have come about in strange ways.

　　商业历史上很多最好的想法都是从一些奇怪的方式中产生的。

1 commemorates   

n.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的名词复数 )v.纪念，庆祝( commemorate的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• A tombstone is erected in memory of whoever it commemorates. 墓碑是为纪念它所纪念的人而建的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• A tablet commemorates his patriotic activities. 碑文铭记他的爱国行动。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

2 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

3 cemeteries   

n.（非教堂的）墓地，公墓( cemetery的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• It's morbid to dwell on cemeteries and such like. 不厌其烦地谈论墓地以及诸如此类的事是一种病态。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• In other districts the proximity of cemeteries seemed to aggravate the disease. 在其它地区里，邻近墓地的地方，时疫大概都要严重些。 来自辞典例句

4 cemetery   

n.坟墓，墓地，坟场

参考例句：

• He was buried in the cemetery.他被葬在公墓。
• His remains were interred in the cemetery.他的遗体葬在墓地。

5 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

6 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。