走进耶鲁大学 第27期:常春藤联盟(1)

 Ivy¹ League

常春藤联盟

Ivy League is the name generally applied² to eight institutions of higher learning- Brown，Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Pennsylvania, Princeton, and Yale University.

常春藤联盟通常是指美国东部八所高校一布朗大学、哥伦比亚大学、康奈尔大学、达特茅斯学院、哈佛大学、宾夕法尼亚大学、普林斯顿大学和耶鲁大学。

The Ivies³ are all in the Northeast geographic⁴ region of the United States.

"常春藤 盟校"成员均位于美国东北部，

All eight schools receive millions of dollars in research grants and other subsidies⁵ from federal and state government.

均从联邦政府和州政府方面获得上千万的研究经费和津贴。

Seven of the eight schools were founded during America's colonial period;

8所学校中的7所是在美国殖民时期建立的，

the exception is Cornell which was founded in 1865.

只有康奈尔大学例外，成立于1865年。

Ivy League institutions, therefore, count for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution.

因此，美国独立战争之前建立的9所殖民地大学中，常春藤盟校就占了 7所。

Stanley Woodward, New York Herald⁶ Tribune sports writer, coined the phrase in 1937.

《纽约先驱论坛报》体育新闻记者斯坦利·伍德沃德先生于1937年创造了此名词。

In 1936，the undergraduate newspapers of these universities simultaneously⁷ ran an editorial advocating the formation of an "Ivy League"，

1936年，八所高校的本科生报纸同时刊登了一篇社论，表示要成立常春藤联盟，

but the first move toward this end was not taken until 1945.

但这个建议直到1945年才被采纳。

In that year, the eight presidents entered into an agreement

1945年，八所学校的校长达成共识：

"for the purpose of reaffirming their intention of continuing intercollegiate football in such a way as to maintain the values of the game, while keeping it in fitting proportion to the main purposes of academic life."

"希望通过这种方式，重申继续校际橄揽球交流的目的，以维系比赛的价值; 同时，在以学术为主要目的大学生活中，体育比赛所占比例要把握得当。"

To achieve this objective, two inter-university committees were appointed: one, made up primarily of the college deans, was to administer rules of eligibility⁸; the other, composed of the athletic⁹ directors，was to establish policies on the length of the playing season and of preseason practice, operating budgets, and related matters. Two other interuniversity committees on admission and financial aid were added later.

为了实现这个目标，成立了两 个校际委员会:一个主要由校长组成，负责监督资格管理规章制度；另一个由体育方面的董事组成，负责出台赛季和赛前练习的长度、经营预算以及其他相关事宜。后来， 又增加了人学录取和财政援助方面的校际委员会。

1 ivy   

n.常青藤，常春藤

参考例句：

• Her wedding bouquet consisted of roses and ivy.她的婚礼花篮包括玫瑰和长春藤。
• The wall is covered all over with ivy.墙上爬满了常春藤。

2 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

3 ivies   

常春藤( ivy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• This is was green at a time when other ivies had pooped out. 这株常春藤在其他常春藤已凋谢时依然青翠。
• These Chinese ivies climbed upwards and covered the entire wall. 那些常春藤攀援而上，爬满了整面墙。

4 geographic   

adj.地理学的，地理的

参考例句：

• The city's success owes much to its geographic position. 这座城市的成功很大程度上归功于它的地理位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Environmental problems pay no heed to these geographic lines. 环境问题并不理会这些地理界限。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

5 subsidies   

n.补贴，津贴，补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
• Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 herald   

vt.预示...的来临，预告，宣布，欢迎

参考例句：

• In England, the cuckoo is the herald of spring.在英国杜鹃鸟是报春的使者。
• Dawn is the herald of day.曙光是白昼的先驱。

7 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

8 eligibility   

n.合格，资格

参考例句：

• What are the eligibility requirements? 病人被选参加试验的要求是什么？ 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望
• Eligibility for HINARI access is based on gross national income (GNI). 进入HINARI获取计划是依据国民总收入来评定的。

9 athletic   

adj.擅长运动的，强健的；活跃的，体格健壮的

参考例句：

• This area has been marked off for athletic practice.这块地方被划出来供体育训练之用。
• He is an athletic star.他是一个运动明星。