走进耶鲁大学 第34期:林璎

 Maya Lin

美籍华裔建筑师----林璎

Maya Lin, a Chinese American, was born in Athens, Ohio in 1959. Her parents immigrated¹ to the United States from China in 1949 and settled in Ohio in 1958, one year before Maya Lin was born. Her father, Henry Huan Lin, was a ceramist and former dean of the school of Art at Ohio University, and her mother, a poetess, was a professor of English Literature at Ohio University. She is the niece of Huiyin Lin, a well-known Chinese poetess, artist, and first female architect in China, who helped design the Chinese National Emblem², and People's Hero Monument in Tiananmen Square. Lin studied at Yale University, where she received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1981 and a Master of Architect degree in 1986. She has also been awarded honorary doctorate³ degrees from Yale and Harvard University.

林璎，美籍华人，1959年10月5日出生于俄亥俄州的小城阿森斯。她的父母1949年从中国移民到美国，并在林璎出生的前一年定居于俄亥俄州。父亲林桓是一名陶艺家，曾担任俄亥俄大学美术学院院长；母亲是一位诗人，曾是俄亥俄大学英语文学系教授。林璎的姑姑是中国著名诗人、艺术家，及中国首位女建筑师林徽因，曾参与设计中国国徽以及天安门广场上的人民英雄纪念碑。林璎大学期间就读于耶鲁大学，1981年获文学学士学位，1986年获建筑学硕士学位。此外，还被耶鲁大学和哈佛大学授予荣誉博士学位。

Lin's name first became familiar in 1980 when, as a 21 -year-old senior architecture major at Yale, she won first prize in the contest to design a Vietnam Veterans Memorial for the northwest comer of the Mall in Washington, D.C.. Rejecting the conventional heroics of military monuments, Lin's poignant，contemplative, apolitical design was a revelation.

林璎的名字第一次被大家熟知是在1980年的时候，当时她作为一名年仅21岁的耶鲁大学建筑专业的大三学生，因设计位于华盛顿广场东北角的越战纪念碑在比赛中获得第一名。她的建筑风格打破了以往军事纪念碑的英雄崇拜风格， 取而代之的是一种沉静、肃穆、不含政治色彩的设计风格。这种设计将碑文展现在一曾薄薄的流动的水下面的黑石的圆盘上。

For her next major work, the Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery, Alabama, dedicated⁴ on November 5, 1989, Lin created a sculptural genre⁵ called a "water table". Lin used the water table form again in 1993 for the Women's Table at Yale University, a monument made to commemorate⁶ the presence of women at Yale. The design displays inscriptions⁷ on a disc of black stone beneath a thin layer of moving water.

在1989年11月5日献给阿拉巴马州蒙哥马利市的"民权纪念碑"这部作品里， 林创造了一种称为"水台"的雕刻风格。1993年，她为纪念耶鲁大学招收女生设计的"女人桌"也采用了这一风格。

Lin has created a dozen major works across the nation, including the Peace Chapel⁸ at Pennsylvania's Juniata College, the "Women's Table" at Yale University and the Langston Hughes Library (co-designed with others) in Clinton, Tennessee. "The Wave Field" at the College of Engineering in University of Michigan, is a pure earth sculpture, made entirely⁹ of soil covered with grass, undulating in waves six feet high. In addition, Maya Lin has also executed architectural projects for the Rockefeller Foundation and the new Federal Courthouse in Manhattan.

由林璎设计的作品遍布美国各地，其中最主要的有十几部，如位于宾夕法尼亚大学朱尼亚塔学院的露天的和平祈祷台、耶鲁大学的"女人桌"以及位于田纳西州克林顿区的兰顿·休斯图书馆（与人合作设计）等。在密歇根大学工程学院的作品中，"浪涌" 完全由覆盖着绿草的泥土做成，6米高的波浪连绵起伏。此外，林璎也曾为洛克菲勒基金会以及位于曼哈顿的美国联邦法院设计艺术品。

Maya Lin was awarded a 2009 National Medal of Arts. And on February 25, 2010，at the National Medal of Arts ceremonies which was held at the East wing of the White House, Lin was again among the honorees. President Obama granted this honor for her in person for "her profound work as an architect, artist and environmentalist".

林璎荣获2009年度美国国家艺术奖章。2010年2月25日，在白宫东厅举行的国家艺术奖章授予仪式上，林璎再度获此殊荣。奥巴马总统亲自为她颁奖，以表彰"她作为建筑师、艺术家及环保人士的卓著成就。"

1 immigrated   

v.移入( immigrate的过去式和过去分词 )；移民

参考例句：

• He immigrated from Ulster in 1848. 他1848年从阿尔斯特移民到这里。 来自辞典例句
• Many Pakistanis have immigrated to Britain. 许多巴基斯坦人移居到了英国。 来自辞典例句

2 emblem   

n.象征，标志；徽章

参考例句：

• Her shirt has the company emblem on it.她的衬衫印有公司的标记。
• The eagle was an emblem of strength and courage.鹰是力量和勇气的象征。

3 doctorate   

n.(大学授予的)博士学位

参考例句：

• He hasn't enough credits to get his doctorate.他的学分不够取得博士学位。
• Where did she do her doctorate?她在哪里攻读博士？

4 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。

5 genre   

n.(文学、艺术等的)类型，体裁，风格

参考例句：

• My favorite music genre is blues.我最喜欢的音乐种类是布鲁斯音乐。
• Superficially,this Shakespeare's work seems to fit into the same genre.从表面上看， 莎士比亚的这个剧本似乎属于同一类型。

6 commemorate   

vt.纪念，庆祝

参考例句：

• This building was built to commemorate the Fire of London.这栋大楼是为纪念“伦敦大火”而兴建的。
• We commemorate the founding of our nation with a public holiday.我们放假一日以庆祝国庆。

7 inscriptions   

（作者）题词( inscription的名词复数 )； 献词； 碑文； 证劵持有人的登记

参考例句：

• Centuries of wind and rain had worn away the inscriptions on the gravestones. 几个世纪的风雨已磨损了墓碑上的碑文。
• The inscriptions on the stone tablet have become blurred with the passage of time. 年代久了，石碑上的字迹已经模糊了。

8 chapel   

n.小教堂，殡仪馆

参考例句：

• The nimble hero,skipped into a chapel that stood near.敏捷的英雄跳进近旁的一座小教堂里。
• She was on the peak that Sunday afternoon when she played in chapel.那个星期天的下午，她在小教堂的演出，可以说是登峰造极。

9 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。