英国卫报：60年来的气候变化警告：那些被忽视的迹象(4)

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In part, it was a generational clash.

在某种程度上，这是一种代际间的冲突。

Schneider belonged to a younger, more rebellious¹ cohort, happy to take science to the streets.

施耐德属于一个更年轻、更叛逆的群体，乐于把科学普及给大众。

In contrast, Landsberg had spent a career working carefully with government and the military, generally behind closed doors, and was scared that public involvement might disrupt the delicate balance of this relationship.

相比之下，兰茨伯格在职业生涯中一直小心翼翼地与政府和军队合作，通常是闭门造车，他害怕公众的参与会破坏这种关系的微妙平衡。

What’s more, the cultural norms of scientific behaviour that expect a “good” scientist to be guarded and avoid anything that smells remotely of drama were deeply embedded² – even when, like any deeply embedded cultural norm, they can skew the science.

更重要的是，科学行为的文化规范期望一个 "好 "的科学家保持警惕，避免任何带有戏剧性的东西，这种文化规范是根深蒂固的--即使像任何根深蒂固的文化规范一样，它们甚至可以歪曲科学。

Landsberg was far from the only established meteorologist bristling³ at all this new attention given to climate change.

兰茨伯格远不是唯一对所有这些给予气候变化的新关注感到不安的知名气象学家。

Some felt uneasy about the drama, while others didn’t trust the new technologies, disciplines and approaches being used.

一些人对这场戏剧感到不安，而其他人则不相信正在使用的新技术、学科和方法。

In the UK, the head of the Met Office, John Mason, called concern about climate change a “bandwagon” and set about trying to “debunk alarmist US views”.

在英国，气象局局长约翰-梅森（John Mason）称对气候变化的关注是一个 "波段"，并开始尝试 "驳斥美国的危言耸听。

In 1977 he gave a public talk at the Royal Society of Arts, stressing that there were always fluctuations⁴ in climate, and that the recent droughts were not unprecedented⁵.

1977年，他在皇家艺术协会做了一次公开演讲，强调气候总是有波动的，最近的干旱并不是前所未有的。

He agreed that if we were to continue to burn fossil fuels at the rate we were, we might have 1C warming, which he thought was “significant”, in the next 50-100 years; but on the whole, he thought, the atmosphere was a system that would take whatever we threw at it.

他同意，如果我们继续以现在的速度燃烧化石燃料，地球可能会在未来50-100年内变暖1摄氏度，他认为这是 "重要的"；但总的来说，他认为，大气层是一个系统，可以承受我们扔给它的一切。

Plus, like many of his contemporaries, he figured we would all move over to nuclear power, anyway.

此外，像同时代的许多人一样，他认为无论如何，我们终会转向使用核能。

Writing up the talk for Nature, John Gribbin described the overall message as “don’t panic”.

约翰-格里宾在为《自然》杂志撰写演讲稿时，将总体信息描述为 “不要惊慌”。

He reassured⁶ readers there was no need to listen to “the prophets of doom”.

他向读者保证，没有必要听信 "末日的预言家"。

Change was coming, though, and it would be a combination of an establishment scientist and an activist⁷ that would kick it off.

不过，变革即将到来，而启动变革的将是一个建制派科学家和一个活动家的结合。

As Nathaniel Rich describes in his book Losing Earth, an obscure 1978 US Environmental Protection Agency report on coal ended up on the desk of Rafe Pomerance, a lobbyist at the DC offices of Friends of the Earth.

正如纳撒尼尔-里奇在他的《失去地球》一书中所描述的那样，一份不起眼的1978年美国环境保护局关于煤炭的报告最终出现在地球之友华盛顿办事处的说客雷夫-波梅兰斯的桌上。

It mentioned the “greenhouse effect”, noting that fossil fuels could have significant and damaging impacts on the atmosphere in the next few decades.

它提到了“温室效应”，指出化石燃料在未来几十年内可能会对大气层产生重大的破坏性影响。

He asked around the office and someone handed him a recent newspaper article by a geophysicist called Gordon MacDonald.

他在办公室里问了一圈，有人递给他一篇最近的报纸文章，作者是一位叫戈登-麦克唐纳的地球物理学家。

MacDonald was a high-ranking American scientist who had worked on weather modification⁸ in the 1960s as an advisor⁹ to Johnson.

麦克唐纳是一位高级别的美国科学家，他曾在20世纪60年代作为约翰逊的顾问研究天气变化。

1 rebellious   

adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的

参考例句：

• They will be in danger if they are rebellious.如果他们造反，他们就要发生危险。
• Her reply was mild enough,but her thoughts were rebellious.她的回答虽然很温和，但她的心里十分反感。

2 embedded   

a.扎牢的

参考例句：

• an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg 取出扎入他腿部玻璃的手术
• He has embedded his name in the minds of millions of people. 他的名字铭刻在数百万人民心中。

3 bristling   

a.竖立的

参考例句：

• "Don't you question Miz Wilkes' word,'said Archie, his beard bristling. "威尔克斯太太的话，你就不必怀疑了。 "阿尔奇说。他的胡子也翘了起来。
• You were bristling just now. 你刚才在发毛。

4 fluctuations   

波动，涨落，起伏( fluctuation的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table. 他用统计表显示价格的波动。
• There were so many unpredictable fluctuations on the Stock Exchange. 股票市场瞬息万变。

5 unprecedented   

adj.无前例的，新奇的

参考例句：

• The air crash caused an unprecedented number of deaths.这次空难的死亡人数是空前的。
• A flood of this sort is really unprecedented.这样大的洪水真是十年九不遇。

6 reassured   

adj.使消除疑虑的；使放心的v.再保证，恢复信心( reassure的过去式和过去分词)

参考例句：

• The captain's confidence during the storm reassured the passengers. 在风暴中船长的信念使旅客们恢复了信心。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
• The doctor reassured the old lady. 医生叫那位老妇人放心。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

8 modification   

n.修改，改进，缓和，减轻

参考例句：

• The law,in its present form,is unjust;it needs modification.现行的法律是不公正的，它需要修改。
• The design requires considerable modification.这个设计需要作大的修改。

9 advisor   

n.顾问，指导老师，劝告者

参考例句：

• They employed me as an advisor.他们聘请我当顾问。
• The professor is engaged as a technical advisor.这位教授被聘请为技术顾问。