英语听力：自然百科 穿越银河系的旅行 Through Milky Way—24

 It’s extremely frustrating¹ because this region, this time period holds within it, in some sense, the rose –headstone of / galaxy² formation. 

 

 

 

But there are clues as to what was happening inside those dense³ hydrogen clouds. Look back even further in time to a moment just 380,000 years after the big bang, and the universe was filled not with/ darkness but with light. 

 

 

 

Its faint after glow is still visible to astronomers⁴ today. 

 

 

 

In fact, this picture is amazing. This is a picture of the early universe. This is an image of the after-glow of the big bang. 

 

 

 

At this time, the universe was the same everywhere, filled with hot atmosphere of matter and radiation. But the seeds of the very different universe we see today had already been sown. 

 

 

 

Everywhere we look around us in the universe, we see structure, we see galaxies⁵ all over the place. Where do these galaxies come from? There is a big clue to this, buried in this picture. If you look closely you can see that there are red spots and there are blue spots. These red regions are / regions 

 

 

 

where there is basically / more stuff and the blue regions are the regions where there is less stuff. 

 

 

 

This image reveals that there were tiny variations in the density⁶ of the gas which filled the early universe, minute ripples⁷ that would grow with time. 

 

 

 

We think that these ripples, these primordial⁸ ripples are the seeds to all future structure. These ripples eventually grew into what became the first galaxies. 

 

 

 

But how could something so small grow into something so big? 

 

 

 

It’s gravity that amplifies⁹ these ripples. In fact, we need an additional source of gravity to amplify¹⁰ those ripples, to form galaxies like we see today. And that additional gravity comes to form dark matter.

1 frustrating   

adj.产生挫折的，使人沮丧的，令人泄气的v.使不成功( frustrate的现在分词 )；挫败；使受挫折；令人沮丧

参考例句：

• It's frustrating to have to wait so long. 要等这么长时间，真令人懊恼。
• It was a demeaning and ultimately frustrating experience. 那是一次有失颜面并且令人沮丧至极的经历。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 galaxy   

n.星系；银河系；一群(杰出或著名的人物)

参考例句：

• The earth is one of the planets in the Galaxy.地球是银河系中的星球之一。
• The company has a galaxy of talent.该公司拥有一批优秀的人才。

3 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

4 astronomers   

n.天文学者，天文学家( astronomer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Astronomers can accurately foretell the date,time,and length of future eclipses. 天文学家能精确地预告未来日食月食的日期、时刻和时长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings. 天文学家们过去一直感到奇怪，为什么只有土星有光环。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 galaxies   

星系( galaxy的名词复数 )； 银河系； 一群（杰出或著名的人物）

参考例句：

• Quasars are the highly energetic cores of distant galaxies. 类星体是遥远星系的极为活跃的核心体。
• We still don't know how many galaxies there are in the universe. 我们还不知道宇宙中有多少个星系。

6 density   

n.密集，密度，浓度

参考例句：

• The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
• The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。

7 ripples   

逐渐扩散的感觉( ripple的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The moon danced on the ripples. 月亮在涟漪上舞动。
• The sea leaves ripples on the sand. 海水在沙滩上留下了波痕。

8 primordial   

adj.原始的；最初的

参考例句：

• It is the primordial force that propels us forward.它是推动我们前进的原始动力。
• The Neanderthal Man is one of our primordial ancestors.的尼安德特人是我们的原始祖先之一.

9 amplifies   

放大，扩大( amplify的第三人称单数 )； 增强； 详述

参考例句：

• Gain is the number of times the amplifier amplifies a signal. 增益就是放大器放大信号的倍数。
• Such panicky behaviour amplifies the impact of the Russian export ban. 这样的恐慌行为放大了俄罗斯小麦出口禁令的影响效应。

10 amplify   

vt.放大，增强；详述，详加解说

参考例句：

• The new manager wants to amplify the company.新经理想要扩大公司。
• Please amplify your remarks by giving us some examples.请举例详述你的话。