英语六级翻译核心语法再次来袭(二)

 　　条件从句中省略if 采用倒装语序的情况

　　在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去，而 将had , should, were 等词提到主语之前，即用倒装结构。

　　1). 原句：If she were younger, she would do it.

　　去If：Were she younger, she would do it. (把动词were移到主语she的前面)

　　2). 原句：If he had tried it, he could have done it.

　　去If：Had he tried it, he could have done it.(把had移到主语he的前面)

　　3).Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams.

　　4).Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday.

　　5).Were I in your place, I wouldn’t do that.

　　6).Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night.

　　假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。

　　7).Were I a bird, I could fly freely¹.

　　假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。

　　8).Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest.

　　要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。

　　如果虚拟条件句中有were, had或should时，把它们放在if的位置上;但是如果条件句中没有were, had或should不能用倒装。

　　⑴、Should it rain tomorrow, what should we do?　要是明天下雨的话，我 们怎么办呢?

　　⑵、Were I you, I would have asked him for some advice.要是我是你的话，我 就向他请教了。

　　⑶、Were he to do this work by himself, he would get a lot of money.如果他自己能够做此工作，他就会得到一些钱。

　　在“开放式条件句”和让步状语从句中should是被省略了的。在这种情况下，如果if省略，动词be与主语的位置要倒装。

　　⑴、If any person be guilty² of a crime³, the court shall have the right to appeal. (任何人犯罪，法院有权起诉。)

　　Be any person guilty of a crime, the court shall have the right to appeal.

　　⑵、Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support. (不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。)

　　Be she right or wrong, she will have my unanswering support.

　　⑶、____ ,I will take her as my wife.(答案看最后★)

　　[A]Were she rich or poor

　　[B]Being rich or poor

　　[C]Be she poor or rich

　　[D]Whether is she poor or rich

　　注意：有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。

　　⑴、We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.

　　⑵、Without you help, I wouldn’t have achieved so much.

　　⑶、But for your help, I would not have succeeded.

　　有时虚拟条件句的从句或主句都可以省略其中一个：

　　1. I could help you. (只有主句)

　　2. If I had time. (只有从句)

　　3. She should have come to the meeting. (只有主句)

　　4. If he had much more money. (只有从句)

　　★选A

1 freely   

adv.自由地，随便地，无拘无束地

参考例句：

• She was unable to keep back her tears,and wept freely.她抑制不住泪水，痛痛快快地哭了起来。
• A liquid flows freely and has no fixed shape.液体能自由流动，无固定形态。

2 guilty   

adj.犯罪的；有罪的；内疚的

参考例句：

• There wasn't enough evidence to prove him guilty.没有充分的证据证明他有罪。
• Really honest people are ofter made to feel guilty.真正老实的人常被弄得感到犯了罪似的。

3 crime   

n.犯罪，罪行，罪恶

参考例句：

• You'll have to pay for your crime.你得为你的罪行付出代价。
• Crime in our big cities is on the increase.在我们大城市里犯罪率正在增长。