娱乐新闻：“美国民歌之父”皮特·西格，抗议的歌声从未停

歌曲：Pete Seeger-You Are My Sunshine

Pete Seeger, a Folk Revivalist Who Used His Voice to Bring Out a Nation’s
皮特·西格，抗议的歌声从未停

Pete Seeger sang until his voice wore out, and then he kept on singing, decade upon decade. Mr. Seeger, who died on Monday at 94, sang for children, folk-music devotees, union members, civil-rights marchers, antiwar protesters, environmentalists and everyone else drawn² to a repertoire³ that extended from ancient ballads⁴ to brand-new songs about every cause that moved him. But it wasn’t his own voice he wanted to hear. He wanted everyone to sing along.

直到声音嘶哑，皮特·西格(Pete Seeger)还在继续歌唱，几十年来从未停息。西格先生于周一(1月27日)逝世，享年94岁，生前他为孩子们、民歌爱好者、工会成员、民权运动中的游行者、反战抗议者、环保主义者们高歌。他的曲目中既有古老的民歌，也有崭新的歌曲，取材自一切感动他的东西，他为任何喜爱他歌曲的人而歌，但他不愿只听到自己一个人的声音，他希望所有人都能够跟他一起唱。

Although Mr. Seeger summed up Vietnam-era frustration⁵ when he wrote “Waist Deep in the Big Muddy” and created a lasting⁶ antiwar parable⁷ with “Where Have All the Flowers Gone?,” he wasn’t simply a protest singer or propagandist. Like his father, the musicologist Charles Seeger, and his colleague the ethnomusicologist Alan Lomax, Pete Seeger was devoted⁸ to songs that had been passed on through generations of people singing and playing together. He was determined⁹ — in an era when recording¹⁰ was rarer and broadcasting limited — to get those songs heard and sung anew, lest they disappear.

西格在《深陷泥潭》(Waist Deep in the Big Muddy)中概述了越战时期的沮丧之感，并创作了《花儿都到哪儿去了?》(Where Have All the Flowers Gone?)这首长盛不衰的反战寓言，但他并不仅仅是一个抗议歌手或宣传者。他的父亲查尔斯·西格(Charles Seeger)是一位音乐学者，他的伙伴艾伦·洛马克斯(Alan Lomax)则是一位人种音乐学家，皮特·西格和他们一样，热爱那些由人们在一起歌唱和演奏，并且代代相传的歌曲。在那个录音尚不发达，广播十分有限的年代，他下定决心，要让这些歌曲重新被歌唱和倾听，不让它们湮灭。

That put him at the center of the folk revival¹ of the 1950s and 1960s, in all its idealism, earnestness and contradictions. Collectors found songs that had archetypal resonance¹¹, sung in unpretty voices and played with regional quirks¹², and transcribed¹³ them to be learned from sheet music. The folk revival prized authenticity¹⁴ — the work song recorded in prison, the fiddle¹⁵ tune¹⁶ recorded on a back porch — and then diluted¹⁷ it as the making of amateur collegiate strum-alongs. Mr. Seeger and his fellow folk revivalists freely adapted old songs to new occasions, using durable¹⁸ old tunes¹⁹ to carry topical thoughts, speaking of a “folk tradition” of communal²⁰ authorship and inevitable²¹ change. They would warp²² a song to preserve it. (In succeeding years, copyright problems could and did ensue.)

因此，他在20世纪50到60年代位于民谣复兴运动的中心，这场运动充满理想主义与热忱，也充满种种矛盾。民谣收集者们收集具备原型共鸣、以不加修饰的声音歌唱，带有地域特色的歌曲，把它们记录下来，以便人们可以通过乐谱学习这些歌曲。民谣复兴运动注重真实性，他们搜集那些在监狱录制的歌曲，在家中后门廊录制的小提琴曲调，之后用大学生式的业余弦乐伴奏进行修葺。西格和其他民谣复兴运动者们大量改编老歌，以适应新环境，用那些经久不衰的老调承载新的时事主题，把“民谣传统”阐释为集体创作和不可避免的改编。他们会通过改编一首歌的方式来保存它(在其后的年代里，版权问题确实接踵而至)。

It was an era of purists generating the impure²³, and, sloppy²⁴ or saccharine²⁵ as it could be, it turned out well. Folk-revival ditties pointed²⁶ their more dedicated²⁷ listeners — particularly musicians — back to original versions, extending the reach of regional styles. The hootenanny movement spurred people to play music instead of passively consume it, and the noncommercial, do-it-yourself spirit — though not the sound of banjos and acoustic²⁸ guitars — would resound²⁹ in punk-rock, which had its own kind of protest songs.

那是个纯粹主义者的时代，虽然从中亦产生出种种不纯粹的、多愁善感与过分甜腻的东西，但结果却是好的。民谣复兴的小曲令更加忠诚的听众们(特别是音乐家们)回归这些歌最初的本源，拓展地域风格的边界。民谣合唱会活动鼓励人们自己演奏音乐，而不仅仅是被动地消费它，而这种非商业化、自己动手的精神——虽然不再局限于班卓琴与木吉他——亦在后世的朋克音乐中回响，诞生出朋克时代自己的抗议歌曲。

Even more important, the folk revival, with Mr. Seeger as one of its prime movers, introduced American pop to a different America: the one outside Tin Pan Alley³⁰ and Hollywood, where a volunteer gospel choir³¹ could sing with more gumption³² than a studio chorus, and where a decades-old song about hard times could speak directly to the present. The folk revival reminded the pop world that songs could be about something more than romance — a notion that the revival’s greatest student and transformer, Bob Dylan, would run with. Mr. Seeger also learned and performed songs from abroad; there were folks there, too.

更重要的是，以西格为先驱之一的民谣复兴运动把美国流行文化引入了另一个美国，一个与“锡锅巷”(Tin Pan Alley)和好莱坞完全不同的世界，在这里，由志愿者组成的福音合唱团可能比录音室里的合唱团更有勇气，歌唱艰难时世的老歌虽然历经几十年的历史，却依然可以针砭时弊。民谣复兴运动提醒流行世界，歌曲可以不仅仅局限于歌唱浪漫爱情——这个概念后来由民谣复兴运动最伟大的学生与改革者鲍勃·迪伦发扬光大。西格亦学习和演唱外国歌曲，因为那里也有民谣的歌声。

Mr. Seeger’s discography runs to dozens of albums: topical songs, Mother Goose rhymes, banjo instruction, African songs, lullabies, blues³³, Civil War songs, Spanish Civil War songs and far more. His canon was selective but not exclusive; he wanted all those songs to get more chances. His cultural mission was democratic.

西格一生录制了数十张唱片：时事歌曲、童谣、班卓琴演奏、非洲歌曲、摇篮曲、布鲁斯、南北战争时期的歌曲、西班牙内战歌曲等等。他的准则是：精挑细选但绝不排外;他希望所有这些歌曲都能得到更多机会。他的文化使命是民主主义的。

His mission was political too, of course. In 2012, Mr. Seeger told an interviewer on WNYC how he would like to be remembered: “He made up songs to try and persuade people to do something,” not just say something. As the 1940s began, he recorded songs reflecting the Communist party line; accusations³⁴ of Communist Party affiliations³⁵ got him questioned by the House Un-American Activities Committee and blacklisted during the McCarthy era. More felicitously³⁶, Mr. Seeger recast traditional songs to rally unions, civil-rights groups, Vietnam War protesters and environmentalists. Mr. Seeger was a longtime mentor³⁷ for topical songwriters. The best of his own songs, like the biblical “Turn! Turn! Turn!” and “Where Have All the Flowers Gone?” reach for cycles and archetypes, not ephemeral complaints.

当然，他的使命也带有政治色彩。2012年，WNYC电台在采访西格时问他，希望以怎样的方式被世人铭记，西格答道：“他写了一些歌，希望能劝说人们去做些什么，”——而不仅仅是去说些什么。在20世纪40年代初，他曾经录过一些歌曲，反映共产党的路线;他被指控与共产党有关，因此在麦卡锡时期受到“非美委员会”(House Un-American Activities Committee)质询，上了黑名单。更准确地说，西格重塑了传统歌曲，以此团结工会、民权运动小组、反越战抗议者与环保主义者们。他是时事歌曲创作者们的长期导师。而他最出色的歌曲包括引用圣经的《转!转!转!》(Turn! Turn! Turn!)和《花儿都到哪儿去了?》，它们都触及生命的循环与原型，而不仅仅是转瞬即逝的控诉。

Pop tastes quickly turned away from the folk revival; the Beatles were more fun. In the 21st century, folky protest and topical songs have generally been shunted to the far sidelines. Although Bruce Springsteen has taken songs from Mr. Seeger’s repertory to arenas³⁸, social consciousness is now disseminated³⁹ more widely through metal and hip-hop. Yet the plink of acoustic instruments is still a token of sincerity⁴⁰. The banjo has resurfaced in groups like Mumford & Sons, while fascination⁴¹ with the folk-revival era animates⁴² the Coen brothers film “Inside Llewyn Davis.”

流行品位很快就抛弃了民谣复兴运动，“披头士”(Beatles)更加有趣。到了21世纪，民谣抗议与时事歌曲大体上成为遥远的分支。尽管布鲁斯·斯普林斯汀(Bruce Springsteen)曾经在大型体育场翻唱过西格的曲目，然而如今社会意识更多是通过金属乐与嘻哈乐广泛传播。不过，原声乐器的弹拨在如今依然是真诚的象征。班卓琴重新在“芒福德与儿子”(Mumford & Sons)之类乐队中浮出水面，而科恩兄弟(Coen brothers)的新片，《醉乡民谣》(Inside Llewyn Davis)亦展示了民谣复兴运动时期的魅力。

Yet Mr. Seeger wasn’t aiming for pop celebrity⁴³ anyway. He had all the audiences he needed: at Carnegie Hall or at Barack Obama’s inauguration⁴⁴ or at a local coffeehouse, in a high-school classroom or at a union meeting. He had the kindly⁴⁵ demeanor⁴⁶ of a favorite uncle and the encouraging tone of a secular⁴⁷ preacher as he picked his banjo and taught another chorus to yet another audience, beaming as the singalong grew louder and more confident, turning one more group of folks into a community.

但西格并不想成为流行文化名人。他已拥有了自己想要的听众：在卡耐基大厅、在贝拉克·奥巴马的就职仪式，抑或是在当地的咖啡屋、中学教室或工会集会。他那亲切的举止如同一位受人喜爱的叔叔，鼓舞人心的歌喉又像一位世俗的布道者。他拿起班卓琴，教一位又一位听众唱起一段又一段合唱。听到人群的声音愈来愈响亮，愈来愈自信，从一群人传到另一群人，直至响彻整个社区，他的脸上不禁露出喜悦的笑容。

1 revival   

n.复兴，复苏，（精力、活力等的）重振

参考例句：

• The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
• He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。

2 drawn   

v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的

参考例句：

• All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
• Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

3 repertoire   

n.(准备好演出的)节目，保留剧目；(计算机的)指令表，指令系统， <美>(某个人的)全部技能；清单，指令表

参考例句：

• There is an extensive repertoire of music written for the flute.有很多供长笛演奏的曲目。
• He has added considerably to his piano repertoire.他的钢琴演奏曲目大大增加了。

4 ballads   

民歌，民谣，特别指叙述故事的歌( ballad的名词复数 )； 讴

参考例句：

• She belted out ballads and hillbilly songs one after another all evening. 她整晚一个接一个地大唱民谣和乡村小调。
• She taught him to read and even to sing two or three little ballads,accompanying him on her old piano. 她教他读书，还教他唱两三首民谣，弹着她的旧钢琴为他伴奏。

5 frustration   

n.挫折，失败，失效，落空

参考例句：

• He had to fight back tears of frustration.他不得不强忍住失意的泪水。
• He beat his hands on the steering wheel in frustration.他沮丧地用手打了几下方向盘。

6 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。

7 parable   

n.寓言，比喻

参考例句：

• This is an ancient parable.这是一个古老的寓言。
• The minister preached a sermon on the parable of the lost sheep.牧师讲道时用了亡羊的比喻。

8 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

9 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

10 recording   

n.录音，记录

参考例句：

• How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？
• I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

11 resonance   

n.洪亮；共鸣；共振

参考例句：

• Playing the piano sets up resonance in those glass ornaments.一弹钢琴那些玻璃饰物就会产生共振。
• The areas under the two resonance envelopes are unequal.两个共振峰下面的面积是不相等的。

12 quirks   

n.奇事，巧合( quirk的名词复数 )；怪癖

参考例句：

• One of his quirks is that he refuses to travel by train. 他的怪癖之一是不愿乘火车旅行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• All men have their own quirks and twists. 人人都有他们自己的怪癖和奇想。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

13 transcribed   

（用不同的录音手段）转录( transcribe的过去式和过去分词 )； 改编（乐曲）（以适应他种乐器或声部）； 抄写； 用音标标出（声音）

参考例句：

• He transcribed two paragraphs from the book into his notebook. 他把书中的两段抄在笔记本上。
• Every telephone conversation will be recorded and transcribed. 所有电话交谈都将被录音并作全文转写。

14 authenticity   

n.真实性

参考例句：

• There has been some debate over the authenticity of his will. 对于他的遗嘱的真实性一直有争论。
• The museum is seeking an expert opinion on the authenticity of the painting. 博物馆在请专家鉴定那幅画的真伪。

15 fiddle   

n.小提琴；vi.拉提琴；不停拨弄，乱动

参考例句：

• She plays the fiddle well.她小提琴拉得好。
• Don't fiddle with the typewriter.不要摆弄那架打字机了。

16 tune   

n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整

参考例句：

• He'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。
• The boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。

17 diluted   

无力的，冲淡的

参考例句：

• The paint can be diluted with water to make a lighter shade. 这颜料可用水稀释以使色度淡一些。
• This pesticide is diluted with water and applied directly to the fields. 这种杀虫剂用水稀释后直接施用在田里。

18 durable   

adj.持久的，耐久的

参考例句：

• This raincoat is made of very durable material.这件雨衣是用非常耐用的料子做的。
• They frequently require more major durable purchases.他们经常需要购买耐用消费品。

19 tunes   

n.曲调，曲子( tune的名词复数 )v.调音( tune的第三人称单数 )；调整；（给收音机、电视等）调谐；使协调

参考例句：

• a potpourri of tunes 乐曲集锦
• When things get a bit too much, she simply tunes out temporarily. 碰到事情太棘手时，她干脆暂时撒手不管。 来自《简明英汉词典》

20 communal   

adj.公有的，公共的，公社的，公社制的

参考例句：

• There was a communal toilet on the landing for the four flats.在楼梯平台上有一处公共卫生间供4套公寓使用。
• The toilets and other communal facilities were in a shocking state.厕所及其他公共设施的状况极其糟糕。

21 inevitable   

adj.不可避免的，必然发生的

参考例句：

• Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
• The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

22 warp   

vt.弄歪，使翘曲，使不正常，歪曲，使有偏见

参考例句：

• The damp wood began to warp.这块潮湿的木材有些翘曲了。
• A steel girder may warp in a fire.钢梁遇火会变弯。

23 impure   

adj.不纯净的，不洁的；不道德的，下流的

参考例句：

• The air of a big city is often impure.大城市的空气往往是污浊的。
• Impure drinking water is a cause of disease.不洁的饮用水是引发疾病的一个原因。

24 sloppy   

adj.邋遢的，不整洁的

参考例句：

• If you do such sloppy work again,I promise I'll fail you.要是下次作业你再马马虎虎，我话说在头里，可要给你打不及格了。
• Mother constantly picked at him for being sloppy.母亲不断地批评他懒散。

25 saccharine   

adj.奉承的，讨好的

参考例句：

• She smiled with saccharine sweetness.她的笑里只有虚情假意的甜蜜。
• I found the film far too saccharine.我觉得这部电影太缠绵了。

26 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。

27 dedicated   

adj.一心一意的；献身的；热诚的

参考例句：

• He dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
• His whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。

28 acoustic   

adj.听觉的，声音的；(乐器)原声的

参考例句：

• The hall has a fine acoustic.这个大厅的传音效果很好。
• Animals use a whole rang of acoustic, visual,and chemical signals in their systems of communication.动物利用各种各样的听觉、视觉和化学信号来进行交流。

29 resound   

v.回响

参考例句：

• A roar of approval resounded through the Ukrainian parliament.一片赞成声在乌克兰议会中回响。
• The soldiers' boots resounded in the street.士兵的军靴踏在地面上的声音在大街上回响。

30 alley   

n.小巷，胡同；小径，小路

参考例句：

• We live in the same alley.我们住在同一条小巷里。
• The blind alley ended in a brick wall.这条死胡同的尽头是砖墙。

31 choir   

n.唱诗班，唱诗班的席位，合唱团，舞蹈团；v.合唱

参考例句：

• The choir sang the words out with great vigor.合唱团以极大的热情唱出了歌词。
• The church choir is singing tonight.今晚教堂歌唱队要唱诗。

32 gumption   

n.才干

参考例句：

• With his gumption he will make a success of himself.凭他的才干，他将大有作为。
• Surely anyone with marketing gumption should be able to sell good books at any time of year.无疑，有经营头脑的人在一年的任何时节都应该能够卖掉好书。

33 blues   

n.抑郁，沮丧；布鲁斯音乐

参考例句：

• She was in the back of a smoky bar singing the blues.她在烟雾弥漫的酒吧深处唱着布鲁斯歌曲。
• He was in the blues on account of his failure in business.他因事业失败而意志消沉。

34 accusations   

n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名

参考例句：

• There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。
• He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

35 affiliations   

n.联系( affiliation的名词复数 )；附属机构；亲和性；接纳

参考例句：

• She had affiliations of her own in every capital. 她原以为自己在欧洲各国首府都有熟人。 来自辞典例句
• The society has many affiliations throughout the country. 这个社团在全国有很多关系。 来自辞典例句

36 felicitously   

adv.恰当地，适切地

参考例句：

• But I also received many others that raised the notion of the Macintosh much more felicitously. 不过我也收到了许多以更巧妙得体的方式弘扬苹果电脑理念的来信。 来自互联网

37 mentor   

n.指导者，良师益友；v.指导

参考例句：

• He fed on the great ideas of his mentor.他以他导师的伟大思想为支撑。
• He had mentored scores of younger doctors.他指导过许多更年轻的医生。

38 arenas   

表演场地( arena的名词复数 )； 竞技场； 活动或斗争的场所或场面； 圆形运动场

参考例句：

• Demolition derbies are large-scale automobile rodeos that take place in big arenas. 撞车比赛指的是在很大的竞技场上举行的大型汽车驾驶技术表演。
• Are there areas of privacy in the most public of arenas? 在绝大部分公开的场合中存在需要保护隐私的领域吗？

39 disseminated   

散布，传播( disseminate的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• Their findings have been widely disseminated . 他们的研究成果已经广为传播。
• Berkovitz had contracted polio after ingesting a vaccine disseminated under federal supervision. 伯考维茨在接种了在联邦监督下分发的牛痘疫苗后传染上脊髓灰质炎。

40 sincerity   

n.真诚，诚意；真实

参考例句：

• His sincerity added much more authority to the story.他的真诚更增加了故事的说服力。
• He tried hard to satisfy me of his sincerity.他竭力让我了解他的诚意。

41 fascination   

n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋

参考例句：

• He had a deep fascination with all forms of transport.他对所有的运输工具都很着迷。
• His letters have been a source of fascination to a wide audience.广大观众一直迷恋于他的来信。

42 animates   

v.使有生气( animate的第三人称单数 )；驱动；使栩栩如生地动作；赋予…以生命

参考例句：

• The soul animates the body. 灵魂使肉体有生命。 来自辞典例句
• It is probable that life animates all the planets revolving round all the stars. 生命为一切围绕恒星旋转的行星注入活力。 来自辞典例句

43 celebrity   

n.名人，名流；著名，名声，名望

参考例句：

• Tom found himself something of a celebrity. 汤姆意识到自己已小有名气了。
• He haunted famous men, hoping to get celebrity for himself. 他常和名人在一起, 希望借此使自己获得名气。

44 inauguration   

n.开幕、就职典礼

参考例句：

• The inauguration of a President of the United States takes place on January 20.美国总统的就职典礼于一月二十日举行。
• Three celebrated tenors sang at the president's inauguration.3位著名的男高音歌手在总统就职仪式上演唱。

45 kindly   

adj.和蔼的，温和的，爽快的；adv.温和地，亲切地

参考例句：

• Her neighbours spoke of her as kindly and hospitable.她的邻居都说她和蔼可亲、热情好客。
• A shadow passed over the kindly face of the old woman.一道阴影掠过老太太慈祥的面孔。

46 demeanor   

n.行为；风度

参考例句：

• She is quiet in her demeanor.她举止文静。
• The old soldier never lost his military demeanor.那个老军人从来没有失去军人风度。

47 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。