VOA时事新闻2023 哈佛大学女教授获2023年诺贝尔经济学奖

哈佛大学女教授获2023年诺贝尔经济学奖

The Nobel Prize in economics has been awarded to Claudia Goldin for her work on the gap between men and women in the workplace.

（瑞典皇家科学院将）诺贝尔经济学奖授予克劳迪娅·戈尔丁，以表彰她对职场男女差距的研究。

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the prize on Monday.

瑞典皇家科学院周一宣布了该奖项。

The 77-year-old Goldin is only the third woman among 93 past Nobel economics prizewinners.

现年77岁的戈尔丁是过去93位诺贝尔经济学奖得主中的第三位女性。

She is a professor at Harvard University.

她是哈佛大学的教授。

Goldin's research has shown that even in the field of economics, women earn about 13 percent less than men.

戈尔丁的研究表明，即使在经济学领域，女性的收入也比男性低约13%。

The pay gap prevents some women from continuing their education.

工资差距阻碍了一些女性继续接受教育。

The Nobel committee credits Goldin with finding missing data to better explain continuing differences between both the pay and work involvement, or participation¹, of men and women.

诺贝尔委员会认为，戈尔丁发现了缺失的数据，更好地解释了男性和女性在薪酬和工作参与度之间的持续差异。

The group called Goldin "a detective" who found new data sources and "creative ways to use them to measure these unknowns."

该组织称戈尔丁为“侦探”，她发现了新的数据来源，并“创造性地利用它们来衡量这些未知因素”。

Goldin studied information related to female participation in the workplace over 200 years and found that their pay started low and never caught up to men.

戈尔丁研究了200多年来女性参与工作的相关信息，发现她们的薪酬一开始就很低，且从未赶上男性。

She looked at women whose jobs went uncounted, such as those who worked on farms alongside their husbands or made clothing at home.

她研究了那些工作未被统计在内的女性，比如那些和丈夫一起在农场工作或在家做衣服的女性。

Goldin said the pay gap that existed then still exists today, even as women gain higher levels of education than men.

戈尔丁说，尽管如今女性受教育程度高于男性，但过去存在的薪酬差距今天仍然存在。

In the 1990s, she said, American women led the world in their labor² participation rate.

她说，在20世纪90年代，美国女性的劳动市场参与率位居世界前列。

But the rate has dropped since then.

但自那以后，这一比率有所下降。

"I think something has happened in America," Goldin said.

戈尔丁说：“我认为美国发生了一些事情”。

"We have to ... ask questions about piecing together the family, the home ... with the marketplace and employment."

“我们必须……问一些有关家庭……与市场和就业之间联系的问题。”

Even as women have made education gains, Goldin notes, they still often feel pressure to stay at home to care for children or to choose jobs that permit them to be available to children.

戈尔丁指出，尽管女性的教育水平有所提高，但她们仍然经常感到压力，她们需要留在家里照顾孩子，或者选择一份能腾出时间照顾孩子的工作。

"They graduate from college at much higher rates than men.

“她们的大学毕业率远远高于男性。

They do better in high school than men do.

她们在高中的成绩比男性要好。

So why are there these differences?" Goldin asked.

那么为什么会有这些差异呢？”戈尔丁问道。

Randi Hjalmarsson of the Nobel committee said Goldin's work does not provide specific solutions to the problem.

诺贝尔委员会的兰迪·亚尔马松说，戈尔丁的研究没有为这个问题提供具体的解决方案。

However, she said Goldin did identify "the source of the gap, and how it's changed over time ..."

然而，她说，戈尔丁确实找到了“差距的来源，以及它是如何随着时间的推移而变化的……”

Hjalmarsson added, "By finally understanding the problem and calling it by the right name, we will be able to pave a better route forward."

亚尔马松补充说：“通过最终了解这个问题并用正确的名称来称呼它，我们将能够铺设一条更好的前进路线。”

Goldin suggested men need to do a better job sharing childcare and work responsibilities.

戈尔丁建议，男性需要更好地分担育儿和工作责任。

Women, she said, often miss out on career progress that comes with working longer hours or on weekends because they feel pressure to care for children.

她说，女性经常会因为照顾孩子的压力而错过由加长工作时间或周末加班带来的职业发展机会。

She also suggested that the U.S. government put more money into after-school programs.

她还建议美国政府在课后项目上投入更多资金。

"Very few of us have jobs that finish at 3 p.m.," she said.

她说：“我们很少有人在下午3点下班”。

Goldin noted³ that women in Canada, France and Japan currently have a higher labor participation rate than those in the U.S.

戈尔丁指出，目前加拿大、法国和日本的女性劳动市场参与率高于美国。

Goldin said some of the work still needs to be done by couples.

戈尔丁说，有些工作仍然需要由夫妻共同完成。

She notes that "couple equity⁴ also leads to more gender⁵ equity."

她指出，“夫妻平等也会带来更多的性别平等。”

Goldin also noted that girls pay attention to how their mothers participated in work and that "each generation (learns) from the successes and failures of preceding generations."

戈尔丁还指出，女孩们会关注她们的母亲是如何参与工作的，“每一代人都会从前几代人的成功和失败中吸取教训。”

The prize comes with an award of about $1 million and will be presented at a ceremony in Sweden later this year.

该奖项的奖金约为100万美元，将于今年晚些时候在瑞典举行的颁奖典礼上颁发。

1 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

2 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

3 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

4 equity   

n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票

参考例句：

• They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
• To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

5 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。