VOA常速英语2019--购物习惯可帮助网上卖家预防诈骗

Smartphones make it easier than ever to buy on the fly, but how do online stores know it’s really you making those purchases? One of the challenges that online retailers¹, merchants and especially in the financial community have with online is the fact that you’re not actually seeing that individual in real life. Don Duncan, NuData security says, patterns in our digital behavior can help online companies determine whether it’s really us logging in or someone with stolen credentials². Looking at things such as when I enter information into the application, do I long press, short press? Do I use portrait or landscape? How do I hold the device in terms of proximity³? These so-called passive biometrics can provide a more nuanced nap shot of customers.

智能手机降低了购物的难度，但网上的店面如何知道是你本人在购物呢？有一个挑战是网上的零售商、商家特别是金融界的在线商家锁面临的，即这样一个事实——他们面对的顾客实际上不是实际生活中的人。NuData安全员顿表示，我们的数字行为模式可以帮助网上的公司判断是否是我们本人在登录还是有人窃取了我们的认证信息。看这些要素，比如：我是何时将信息输入应用程序的？我会长按还是短按？我是用肖像还是风景图？我拿手机的时候离的有多近？这些所谓的被动生物识别技术可以提供客户更细致的信息。

Using technology that’s already built into mobile devices like accelerometers and GPS, geographic⁴ location is really the starting point to identify, you know, where is that user? Where is the device connecting from? Unlike passwords or fingerprints⁵ which have to be physically⁶ entered, passive biometrics were behind the scenes while users interact as they normally would. We have a few lines of code inside the web or mobile application, and all that does is provide us information from the device. We process it and return that intelligence back to the web, mobile application. Even factors like typing speed or the angle at which a phone is held can become authentication⁷ tools. And in the age of major data breaches⁸, passive biometrics could mean merchants no longer have to rely solely⁹ on logins and passwords. NuData is owned by MasterCard which has already implemented¹⁰ the technology for its merchants. By not having a single data point for that validation¹¹, it allowed us to provide risk or intelligence to the online brand. For users, a more secure online experience could be right at their fingertips.

通过嵌入移动设备中的技术，如加速度计和GPS技术，就可以实现。地理位置是判断的切入点，这样我们可以知道用户的位置，他们连接网络所用的设备来自何方。与密码和指纹不同的是：密码和指纹需要物理输入，而被动生物识别技术在幕后进行的，而且用户可以像往常一样交互。我们在网络或者移动应用程序内部就有几行代码，这些代码的作用是为我们提供有关设备的信息。我们对这些信息进行处理，并将信息返回到网络端和移动应用程序端。就连打字速度和我手机的角度这样的要素也可以成为认证工具。在重要数据泄露猖獗的时代，由万事达信用卡所有的NuData已经开始为用户采用这样的技术。验证过程不需要单一的数据点，就能让我们给网上的品牌提供风险信息。对用户来说，他们也可以自己掌控安全度更高的网上购物体验。

1 retailers   

零售商，零售店( retailer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• High street retailers reported a marked increase in sales before Christmas. 商业街的零售商报告说圣诞节前销售量显著提高。
• Retailers have a statutory duty to provide goods suitable for their purpose. 零售商有为他们提供符合要求的货品的法定义务。

2 credentials   

n.证明，资格，证明书，证件

参考例句：

• He has long credentials of diplomatic service.他的外交工作资历很深。
• Both candidates for the job have excellent credentials.此项工作的两个求职者都非常符合资格。

3 proximity   

n.接近，邻近

参考例句：

• Marriages in proximity of blood are forbidden by the law.法律规定禁止近亲结婚。
• Their house is in close proximity to ours.他们的房子很接近我们的。

4 geographic   

adj.地理学的，地理的

参考例句：

• The city's success owes much to its geographic position. 这座城市的成功很大程度上归功于它的地理位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Environmental problems pay no heed to these geographic lines. 环境问题并不理会这些地理界限。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

5 fingerprints   

n.指纹( fingerprint的名词复数 )v.指纹( fingerprint的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Everyone's fingerprints are unique. 每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
• They wore gloves so as not to leave any fingerprints behind (them). 他们戴着手套，以免留下指纹。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

7 authentication   

鉴定，认证

参考例句：

• Computer security technology includes mainly:Authentication,Encryption,Access Control,Auditing and so on.计算机网络安全技术主要有: 认证授权、数据加密、访问控制、安全审计等。

8 breaches   

破坏( breach的名词复数 )； 破裂； 缺口； 违背

参考例句：

• He imposed heavy penalties for breaches of oath or pledges. 他对违反誓言和保证的行为给予严厉的惩罚。
• This renders all breaches of morality before marriage very uncommon. 这样一来，婚前败坏道德的事就少见了。

9 solely   

adv.仅仅，唯一地

参考例句：

• Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。
• The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。

10 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

11 validation   

n.确认

参考例句：

• If the countdown timer ever hits zero, do your validation processing. 处理这种情况的方法是在输入的同时使用递减计时器，每次击键重新计时。如果递减计时器变为零，就开始验证。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
• Although the validation control is a very widespread idiom, most such controls can be improved. 虽然确认控件是非常广泛的习惯用法，但还有很多有待改进的地方。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓