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VOA常速英语2019--《日内瓦公约》70周年纪念

时间:2019-08-13 21:41来源:互联网 提供网友:nan   字体: [ ]
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And events marking the 70th anniversary of the 1949 Geneva Conventions are underway, the International Committee of the Red Cross says these four landmark1 treaties delineating the law of war are as relevant today as they were when they came into force August 12, 1949. Lisa Schlein reports for VOANEWS, from ICRC headquarters in GENEVA.

纪念1949年《日内瓦公约》70周年纪念的活动正在进行中。国际红十字会(ICRC)表示,这4个里程碑式的协议描绘了战争法。时至今日,《日内瓦公约》跟它1949年8月12日生效时一样具有相关性。下面请听我台记者丽莎从日内瓦国际红十字会发回的VOA报道。

The 1949 Geneva Conventions grew out of the horrors of World War II. It took only four months for the four treaties, which are universally ratified2, to come into force. The treaties contain the core elements of the International Humanitarian3 Law, the law of war, which aims to reduce suffering in armed conflict.

1949年《日内瓦公约》是从二战的恐惧中形成的。只用了4个月时间,这4项如今得到普遍认可的协议就生效了。协议中包含国际人权法这个战争法的核心要素,该法旨在减少战争冲突中的苦难。

The law requires all parties to a conflict to abide4 by provisions that include a prohibition5 against torture, appropriate treatment of civilians7, caring for the wounded on the battlefield, and the dignified8 treatment of the remains9 of the dead.

该法要求冲突各方遵守其中条款的规定,包括禁止虐待、合理对待平民、照顾因战受伤的士兵、以让人有尊严的方式对待他人的遗骨。

ICRC Director of International Law and Policy, Helen Durham, recognizes the law of war is not always followed, but she notes when they work, they have an impact. She said ICRC delegates in the field see these laws in action every day.

ICRC国际法律与政策负责人海伦表示,该战争法会有人违背,但她表示,该法生效的时候,是有影响力的。她表示,ICRC在该领域的代表看到每天该法都在发挥作用。

We see, for example, the capacity for us to get fresh water to six million Syrian. This is the law of war in action. We see every time a wounded combatant passes a checkpoint to get access to medical assistance, it is the laws or war in action, she said.

比如,我们看到我们有能力获取新鲜水源并提供给600万叙利亚民众。这是发挥了作用的战争法。我们看到,每次有伤员经过关卡的时候,都能得到医疗援助,这说明该战争法发挥了作用,她补充说道。

At the same time, Durham acknowledges the many challenges to the Conventions posed by new technologies. She said issues such as cyber warfare10, artificial intelligence, autonomous11 weapons and the changing nature of conflict present new threats.

与此同时,海伦承认,新技术给《日内瓦公约》造成了很多挑战。他表示,这种挑战包括但不限于网络战、人工智能、自动化武器以及冲突不断改变的本质,它们都会造成新威胁。

When the Conventions were crafted 70 years ago, she says international wars among belligerent12 states dominated. Now, most wars are internal, civil conflicts. She tells VOA as far back as the 1970s, a survey found a dramatic increase in civilian6 casualties as a consequence of this change.

海伦表示,70年前,《日内瓦公约》起草的时候,好战国之间发生的国际战争占主导地位。而现在,大多数战争都是内战、内部冲突。她在接受我台采访时表示,早在上世纪70年代的时候,一项调查发现,平民死伤数量急剧上升,这都是这种改变的后果。

In World War I, I think the statistics are one out of nine people killed was a civilian. In World War II, it was around 50-50. And, then when you looked at the Vietnam and other wars of decolonization, the statistics inversed13 where up to 90 percent of casualties during conflict were civilians… To date, that continues. So, civilians are very often the major casualties, she said.

我认为一战的数据是每9个死亡的人中有1人是平民。在二战中,这个比例是五五开。当我们审视越南等殖民地自治化的战争时,数据是完全颠倒过来的——有9成冲突中的死伤者是平民……目前为止,这一数字还在增加。因此,平民是死伤人数最多的,她如是说道。

Durham said an area of major concern for the ICRC is the treatment of detainees. She said clear rules governing the care of prisoners of war are laid out in the Conventions. However, these frequently are not enforced in the context of civil wars where non-state actors are involved.

海伦表示,ICRC特别担心的一个领域是被扣押者受到怎样对待的问题。她表示,《日内瓦公约》中明确列出了照顾战犯的规定。不过,这样的规定在内战中经常不会得到遵守,因为涉及到了非国家的参与方。

She said this is one area where international law must evolve to make the laws of war more relevant to present day existing reality.

海伦说,这个领域是国际法必须演进的领域,要让战争法与当前存在的现实相关联。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 landmark j2DxG     
n.陆标,划时代的事,地界标
参考例句:
  • The Russian Revolution represents a landmark in world history.俄国革命是世界历史上的一个里程碑。
  • The tower was once a landmark for ships.这座塔曾是船只的陆标。
2 ratified 307141b60a4e10c8e00fe98bc499667a     
v.批准,签认(合约等)( ratify的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The treaty was declared invalid because it had not been ratified. 条约没有得到批准,因此被宣布无效。
  • The treaty was ratified by all the member states. 这个条约得到了所有成员国的批准。
3 humanitarian kcoxQ     
n.人道主义者,博爱者,基督凡人论者
参考例句:
  • She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业,并作了很大的贡献。
  • The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。
4 abide UfVyk     
vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受
参考例句:
  • You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
  • If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部,你就得遵守它的规章。
5 prohibition 7Rqxw     
n.禁止;禁令,禁律
参考例句:
  • The prohibition against drunken driving will save many lives.禁止酒后开车将会减少许多死亡事故。
  • They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟。
6 civilian uqbzl     
adj.平民的,民用的,民众的
参考例句:
  • There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
  • He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。
7 civilians 2a8bdc87d05da507ff4534c9c974b785     
平民,百姓( civilian的名词复数 ); 老百姓
参考例句:
  • the bloody massacre of innocent civilians 对无辜平民的血腥屠杀
  • At least 300 civilians are unaccounted for after the bombing raids. 遭轰炸袭击之后,至少有300名平民下落不明。
8 dignified NuZzfb     
a.可敬的,高贵的
参考例句:
  • Throughout his trial he maintained a dignified silence. 在整个审讯过程中,他始终沉默以保持尊严。
  • He always strikes such a dignified pose before his girlfriend. 他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。
9 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
10 warfare XhVwZ     
n.战争(状态);斗争;冲突
参考例句:
  • He addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
  • Their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。
11 autonomous DPyyv     
adj.自治的;独立的
参考例句:
  • They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
  • This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。
12 belligerent Qtwzz     
adj.好战的,挑起战争的;n.交战国,交战者
参考例句:
  • He had a belligerent aspect.他有种好斗的神色。
  • Our government has forbidden exporting the petroleum to the belligerent countries.我们政府已经禁止向交战国输出石油。
13 inversed 0d14e05b300467596e0db29cd8a09c86     
倒生的
参考例句:
  • Making up miniemulsions of Long Oil with inversed phase emulsification is explored here. 探讨用反相乳化法制取金龙油的微小乳状液。 来自互联网
  • The fur schemes for an inversed pendulum state variable feedback control tem are designed. 摘要针对单级倒立摆装置,设计了4种状态反馈制方案。 来自互联网
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