2020年经济学人 土耳其人的恐同症(2)

In a new poll, that had fallen to 47%. But while public attitudes have softened¹, official ones have hardened. Only a decade ago, when it still enjoyed good relations with Europe, Mr Erdogan's government signed a convention banning discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation² or gender³ identity. Tens of thousands marched in the Pride Parade on Istanbul's main street under police escort. Today, very little of that spirit remains⁴. The Pride Parade has been banned; rubber bullets and tear-gas await those who turn up. The Diyanet, set up nearly a century ago to reconcile Islamic teachings with secular⁵ values, has turned into the voice of political Islam and an arm of the government. Nuanced interpretations⁶ of the Koran have given way to a more restrictive approach. Gay celebrities⁷ are still feted, even in government circles, but only as long as they do not discuss their sexuality in public.

在一项新的民意调查中，这一比例下降到47%。尽管公众态度有所缓和，但官方态度却强硬起来。就在10年前，埃尔多安政府与欧洲还拥有良好关系的时候，签署了一项公约，禁止基于性取向或性别认同的歧视。数以万计的人在警察的护送下，在伊斯坦布尔的主要街道参加同志大游行。今天，这种精神荡然无存。同志大游行已经被禁；橡皮子弹和催泪瓦斯等着那些出现的人们。近一个世纪前，为调和伊斯兰教义与世俗价值观而成立的宗教事务局，已成为伊斯兰政治力量的代言人和政府职能部门。对《古兰经》细致入微的诠释，已经让位于一种更加严格的方法。即使在政府圈中，同性恋名人仍然可以参加宴请，但前提是他们不在公共场合讨论自己的性取向。

Mr Erdogan's attempts to raise what he calls "a pious⁸ generation" have not had the desired impact, however. Studies show young people are turning away from religion. That may be why the ruling Justice and Development (ak) party and the Diyanet have decided⁹ to double down. "They're increasingly insecure politically and culturally and they don't want to give an inch to those who take other interpretations of Islam," says Omer Taspinar of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank. "Now there's a spirit of defensive¹⁰ jihad against moral laxity and relativism." In the row over Mr Erbas, Mr Erdogan and his surrogates are suggesting that there is only one immutable¹¹ Islam, which should not accommodate changing norms. Turkey's history suggests that is not true. But anyone who still thinks moderate Islam and ak belong in the same sentence might want to take note.

然而，埃尔多安试图培养的他称之为“虔诚一代”并未产生预期的效果。研究表明，年轻人正在远离宗教。这可能就是执政党正义发展党和宗教事务局决定双倍下注的原因。“他们在政治和文化上越来越缺乏安全感，他们不想向那些对伊斯兰教有其他诠释方法的人有丝毫让步，”智囊团布鲁金斯学会的奥马尔·塔斯皮纳表示，“现在存在着一种反对道德松懈和相对主义的防御性圣战精神。”在关于埃尔巴斯的争论中，埃尔多安和他的代理人建议只有一个不变的伊斯兰教，它不应该适应不断变化的规范。土耳其的历史表明，这并非实情。但是，任何仍然认为温和派伊斯兰教和正义发展党隶属同一战壕的人可能都该注意一下了。

1 softened   

（使）变软( soften的过去式和过去分词 )； 缓解打击； 缓和； 安慰

参考例句：

• His smile softened slightly. 他的微笑稍柔和了些。
• The ice cream softened and began to melt. 冰淇淋开始变软并开始融化。

2 orientation   

n.方向，目标；熟悉，适应，情况介绍

参考例句：

• Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
• The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。

3 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

4 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

5 secular   

n.牧师，凡人；adj.世俗的，现世的，不朽的

参考例句：

• We live in an increasingly secular society.我们生活在一个日益非宗教的社会。
• Britain is a plural society in which the secular predominates.英国是个世俗主导的多元社会。

6 interpretations   

n.解释( interpretation的名词复数 )；表演；演绎；理解

参考例句：

• This passage is open to a variety of interpretations. 这篇文章可以有各种不同的解释。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The involved and abstruse passage makes several interpretations possible. 这段艰涩的文字可以作出好几种解释。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 celebrities   

n.（尤指娱乐界的）名人( celebrity的名词复数 )；名流；名声；名誉

参考例句：

• He only invited A-list celebrities to his parties. 他只邀请头等名流参加他的聚会。
• a TV chat show full of B-list celebrities 由众多二流人物参加的电视访谈节目

8 pious   

adj.虔诚的；道貌岸然的

参考例句：

• Alexander is a pious follower of the faith.亚历山大是个虔诚的信徒。
• Her mother was a pious Christian.她母亲是一个虔诚的基督教徒。

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

10 defensive   

adj.防御的；防卫的；防守的

参考例句：

• Their questions about the money put her on the defensive.他们问到钱的问题，使她警觉起来。
• The Government hastily organized defensive measures against the raids.政府急忙布置了防卫措施抵御空袭。

11 immutable   

adj.不可改变的，永恒的

参考例句：

• Nothing in the world is immutable.世界没有一成不变的东西。
• They free our minds from considering our world as fixed and immutable.它们改变着人们将世界看作是永恒不变的观点。