PBS高端访谈:博科圣地组织统治下的残酷生活

 　　JUDY WOODRUFF: Now: a rare look at life under the rule of the Nigerian militant¹ group Boko Haram, as filmed by the group itself.

　　Audie Cornish of NPR's "All Things Considered" recorded this conversation for us last week.

　　AUDIE CORNISH: Last year, Voice of America News Service, which is funded by the U.S. government, received a stunning² trove³ of videos from Nigeria, 18 hours of footage recorded by Boko Haram's own cameras in 2014. The pictures comes from northeastern Nigeria.

　　Now, at the time, Boko Haram had total control of the region. The videos take us behind Boko Haram's assault on the Nigerian military and into villages where their leaders administer rough justice.

　　VOA has produced a series of four reports based on the videos.

　　And joining me to talk about what we can learn from these images is VOA's Ibrahim Ahmed. He hosts a weekly program for their service broadcast in Nigeria.

　　Thank you for joining us.

　　IBRAHIM AHMED, Voice of America: It's my pleasure.

　　AUDIE CORNISH: Now, tell us a little bit about how you were able to verify these videos.

　　IBRAHIM AHMED: When the Voice of America got these videos, first of all, we sat down and went through almost all of them.

　　And we were able to determine that they came from not Northeastern Nigeria because the people in the videos speak in Kanuri, which is the predominant language there, and which is also the language of most of the Boko Haram leadership and the members.

　　That was the first thing. Then there are references to Boko Haram and to events that only Boko Haram will know, like the attacks carried in some areas of Northeastern Nigeria.

　　AUDIE CORNISH: Your reporting shows a couple of things, one, the faces of some leaders and participates in Boko Haram, which I understand is very uncommon⁴. It also shows how they are able to basically bring whole villages into their ideology⁵ using violence.

　　And in one clip, there is a tribunal where they exert their justice. How do these tribunals work?

　　博科圣地组织统治下的残酷生活

　　IBRAHIM AHMED: Well, in order to control the people, when Boko Haram captures a place and they want to bring people in line, they will hold these kind of tribunals. And they will force everybody from the village or the town to attend the tribunals.

　　They will bring people they're accusing, whether they are drug users or drug sellers, according to them. They will bring them to these tribunals, and they will read out a statement that you are guilty of this or guilty of that. Do you accept your guilt⁶? Well, if you accept it, fine. You just go and lay down and get killed.

　　AUDIE CORNISH: They do something similar with young boys and men who they conscript into fighting.

　　You have a video that is unusual, in that it shows a Boko Haram leader basically getting everyone to gear up to fight. Let's watch that.

　　NARRATOR: Awaz says the best of the martyrs⁷ are those that fight in the front. They are the ones who do not turn back until they are killed.

　　IBRAHIM AHMED: When Boko Haram started in 2009, initially⁸, their membership were made up of the original followers⁹ of the (INAUDIBLE) Boko Haram. But when they started capturing territory, they started conscripting people.

　　AUDIE CORNISH: There is video of a failed attack, essentially¹⁰, on an army barracks. And you see fighters looking for weapons. You see fighters not necessarily able to use the weapons they have.

　　What are the fighting capabilities¹¹ of Boko Haram at this point?

　　IBRAHIM AHMED: Initially, Boko Haram was kind of going into fights with the military with much more powerful weapons then what the military had.

　　The military had AK-47 rifles, while the militants¹² come with heavy machine guns, anti-aircraft guns. So, the military had to run away at the time. But, in 2015, the present government in Nigeria, when they started taking the fight to Boko Haram, they were able to adapt themselves and to get those kind of weapons that Boko Haram was using on them.

　　And that is when they started winning the war and kicking Boko Haram out of these major cities and towns.

　　AUDIE CORNISH: Do you feel as though these are areas that can rebuild?

　　IBRAHIM AHMED: It is possible, but it's going to be really difficult, because the crisis or the carnage that Boko Haram has done in the area is just unbelievable.

　　AUDIE CORNISH: Ibrahim Ahmed of Voice of America, thank you so much for speaking with us.

　　IBRAHIM AHMED: Thank you so much. My pleasure.

1 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

2 stunning   

adj.极好的；使人晕倒的

参考例句：

• His plays are distinguished only by their stunning mediocrity.他的戏剧与众不同之处就是平凡得出奇。
• The finished effect was absolutely stunning.完工后的效果非常美。

3 trove   

n.被发现的东西，收藏的东西

参考例句：

• He assembled a rich trove of Chinese porcelain.他收集了一批中国瓷器。
• The gallery is a treasure trove of medieval art.这个画廊是中世纪艺术的宝库。

4 uncommon   

adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的

参考例句：

• Such attitudes were not at all uncommon thirty years ago.这些看法在30年前很常见。
• Phil has uncommon intelligence.菲尔智力超群。

5 ideology   

n.意识形态，(政治或社会的)思想意识

参考例句：

• The ideology has great influence in the world.这种思想体系在世界上有很大的影响。
• The ideal is to strike a medium between ideology and inspiration.我的理想是在意识思想和灵感鼓动之间找到一个折衷。

6 guilt   

n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责

参考例句：

• She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
• Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。

7 martyrs   

n.martyr的复数形式；烈士( martyr的名词复数 )；殉道者；殉教者；乞怜者（向人诉苦以博取同情）

参考例句：

• the early Christian martyrs 早期基督教殉道者
• They paid their respects to the revolutionary martyrs. 他们向革命烈士致哀。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

8 initially   

adv.最初，开始

参考例句：

• The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
• Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

9 followers   

追随者( follower的名词复数 )； 用户； 契据的附面； 从动件

参考例句：

• the followers of Mahatma Gandhi 圣雄甘地的拥护者
• The reformer soon gathered a band of followers round him. 改革者很快就获得一群追随者支持他。

10 essentially   

adv.本质上，实质上，基本上

参考例句：

• Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
• She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。

11 capabilities   

n.能力( capability的名词复数 )；可能；容量；[复数]潜在能力

参考例句：

• He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大，自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
• Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为，标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

12 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。